Janavis Temporal range: Late Maastrichtian 66.8–66.7 Ma  PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Clade:	Avialae
Clade:	†Ichthyornithes
Genus:	†Janavis Benito et al. 2022
Type species
†Janavis finalidens Benito et al. 2022

Janavis (from the Roman god Janus and the Latin avis for bird) is an extinct toothed bird, belonging to the Ichthyornithes, from the Late Cretaceous of Belgium. The genus has one named species, Janavis finalidens (from Latin finalis, meaning ending or final, and dens, for tooth) that was discovered in the 1990s,^[1] reported in 2002,^[2] and described in 2022.^[3] Recovered almost simultaneously from the same area and age as Asteriornis maastrichtensis, then the oldest known modern bird,^[4] it provides information on the evolution and divergence of basal and modern birds, especially on the evolutionary modifications of bird skulls.^[5]

basal (adj.) “relating to or situated at a base,” 1826, from base (n.) + -al (1).

basilisk (n.) fabulous lizard-like creature, c. 1400, earlier basiliscus (Trevisa, late 14c.), from Latin basiliscus, from Greek basiliskos name of a kind of serpent, also the golden-crested wren, literally “little king,” diminutive of basileus “king” (see Basil); said by Pliny to have been so called because of a crest or spot on its head resembling a crown. The basilisk has since the fourteenth century been confused with the Cockatrice, and the subject is now a complicated one. [T.H. White, “The Bestiary. A Book of Beasts,” 1954] Its breath and glance were said to be fatal. The South American lizard was so called (1813) because it, like the mythical beast, has a crest. From 1540s as a type of large cannon throwing shot of 200 lb. VATICAN- ANOTHER FILTHY POPE – THE FALSE PROPHET March 4, 2019 by Cynthia /12 “A single witness shall not rise up against a man on account of any iniquity or any sin which he has committed; on the evidence of two or three witnesses, a matter shall be confirmed.  Deuteronomy 19:15 “Do not receive an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.”  … Click Here to Read More

cockatrice (n.) fabulous monster, late 14c., from Old French cocatriz, altered (by influence of coq) from Late Latin *calcatrix, from Latin calcare “to tread” (from calx (1) “heel;” see calcaneus), as translation of Greek ikhneumon, literally “tracker, tracer.” It was fabled to kill by its glance and could be slain only by tricking it into seeing its own reflection. In classical writings, an Egyptian animal of some sort, the mortal enemy of the crocodile, which it tracks down and kills. This vague sense became hopelessly confused in the Christian West, and in England the word ended up applied to the equivalent of the basilisk. Popularly associated with cock (n.1), hence the fable that it was a serpent hatched from a cock’s egg. It also sometimes was confused with the crocodile. Belief in them persisted even among the educated because the word was used in the KJV several times to translate a Hebrew word for “serpent.” In heraldry, a beast half cock, half serpent. Also, in old slang, “a loose woman” (1590s). Genesis 3: 14 And the Lord God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

What Does the Bruising of the Heel: Mean in Genesis 3:15? spacer

basilica (n.) 1540s, “type of building based on the Athenian royal portico, large oblong building with double columns and a semicircular porch at the end,” from Latin basilica “building of a court of justice,” from Greek (stoa) basilike “royal (portal).” In Athens this was the portico of the archon basileus, the official who dispensed justice there. The word is thus from the fem. adjective of basileus “king” (see Basil). In Rome, the style of building used for halls of justice, many of which were subsequently appropriated as churches, and so it became a standard plan for new churches. The word is applied to the seven principal Roman churches founded by Constantine. The specific reference to Christian churches in English is attested by 1560s.

The Orphic Egg: A Journey Through Myth, Mystery, and Meaning Dani Rhys December 5, 2023 The cosmic egg is a common theme in the creation myths of many cultures. Often depicted as an egg entwined by a serpent, the Orphic Egg is found in ancient Greek tradition. Here’s a closer look into the mythology behind it and its significance today. History of the Orphic Egg At the beginning of the 6th century B.C.E., the Greeks started to honor various semi-mythical figures, such as Orpheus, a semi-legendary musician, poet, and prophet. While the records state that Aristotle believed he never existed, ancient writers were convinced that he was a real person who had lived before the Trojan War, in Thrace. The Orphic Egg is named after Orpheus and is based on the beliefs and teachings of Orphism that the universe originated from a silver egg. It is believed that Chronos, the personification of time, created the silver egg of the universe, which hatched the primeval deity Phanes (also called as Protogonus), who in turn created the other gods. The Orphic Hymns states that Phanes is born from an egg and has the glittering golden wings. In the myth, the egg splits and the upper portion becomes the heavens and the lower portion becomes the earth. The name Phanes comes from the Greek phainein “to bring light” and phainesthai “to shine,” and is believed to be the source of light and intelligence for the cosmos. According to some historians, the symbology of the serpent and egg likely originated from the Egyptians’ belief of the cosmic egg and then passed down to the Phoenicians of Crete, which gave rise to other mystical symbols in different cultures. Also, Egyptian myths likely influenced Greek myths, especially during the 6th century when Greek merchants frequently visited the country. During the Renaissance period, poets, philosophers, and musicians brought back the traditions of ancient Greece, including the mythical Orphic Egg, which influenced the artistic expression in music, sculpture, painting, teachings, and religions of the time. Symbolic Meaning of the Orphic Egg The Orphic Egg represents the cosmos in its most abstract conception. Here are some of the interpretations of the symbol: A Symbol of Creation – In terms of cosmogony, the Orphic Egg was the beginning of the universe, as if it were a kind of Big Bang Theory. In Greek mythology and Orphic tradition, it was the source of Phanes, the deity of procreation and life. He is also called Protogonos, which translates to “first-born.” The Union of Opposites – The Orphic Egg is described as having both male and female elements, which made Phanes, the god who emerged from it characterized as both male and female. As a god of duality, he had the ability to give birth to the gods and create order in the universe. A Representation of Orphic Mysteries – The Orphic Egg is based on Orphism, an ancient Greek religion associated with literature. According to An Analysis of Ancient Mythology, the Orphic Egg represents the “the soul of the philosopher; the serpent, the Mysteries.” In philosophy, it takes some points in the Orphic Hymns and Plato’s writings. Orphic Egg in Modern Times The mysteries of Orphism have continued to influence the world to the present day. The motif can be seen in decorative arts and tattoo designs, as well as in some fashion pieces like graphic shirts and caps. It’s also popular in jewelry, from earrings to necklaces and signet rings. Some designs feature the egg in a form of pearl or gemstone, surrounded by a snake motif. In Brief The belief in the cosmic egg has been handed down to us from antiquity as a symbol of creation. Today, the Orphic egg continues to inspire spirituality and arts in our modern times. Atomic Age – New Discovery or Ancient Craft? November 19, 2020 by Cynthia Who are we? How did we get here?  Why we are here? Is there a GOD?  If so, who is God?  These are still the burning questions that have driven our lives all this time.  Whether the earth is thousands or millions of years old… you would think that  we would have resolved them by … Click Here to Read More SO MUCH MORE THAN JUST EPSTEIN August 2, 2021 by Cynthia TAGS:  Epstein, Pedophilia, Cosmic Race, Stars, Light, New Age, Beatles, Mind Control, Slavery, GAGA, Serpent, EGG This JEFFERY EPSTEIN story must not be allowed to fade away.  Why?  Because it is about so much more than one six pedophile, or even a worldwide syndicate of six pedophiles.  The Epstein story is so much more than … Click Here to Read More SATURN – HEXAGON – DELPHI August 15, 2021 by Cynthia Tags: Saturn, Druids, Phoenecians, Romans, Greeks, Nimrod, Apollo, Wicker Man, Diana, Poseidon, Zeus, Hexagon, Lucifer RESTORED: 08/16/2021; RESTORED 4/25/22; RESTORED 5/26/23 Wow, I so wish I had more time.  Since my days to post on this site are numbered, I am going to try to get out as much information to you as I can.  … Click Here to Read More

Druid’s egg AKA: anguinum; glain y nidir; mân macal.According to Pliny’s Natural History, XXIX.52.:There is also another kind of egg, of much renown in the Gallic provinces, but ignored by the Greeks. In the summer, numberless snakes entwine themselves into a ball, held together by a secretion from their bodies and by their spittle. this is called anguinum. The Druids say that hissing serpents throw this up into the air, and that it must be caught in a cloak, and not allowed to touch the ground; and that one must instantly take flight on horse-back, as the serpents will pursue until some stream cuts them out. It may be tested, they say, by seeing if it flaots against the current of a river, even though it be set in gold. But as it is the way of magicians to cast a cunning veil about their frauds, they pretend that these eggs can only be taken on a certain day of the moon, as though it rested with mankind to make the moon and the serpents accord as to the moment of the operation. I myself, however, have seen one of these eggs; it was round, and about as large as a smallish apple; the shell was cartalaginous, and pocked like the arms of a polypus.Apparently, the druid’s egg was believed to create a favorable outcome in courts of law; enough so that the Romans outlawed carrying one into any courtroom, and would put to death anyone caught carrying such an object.In recent times, there has been some debate as to what Pliny is describing: is it made of glass? is it a type of sea shell? Lately, there have been some glass baubles found in Wales and Scotland that some claim are the “eggs” in question, but whether they actually are or not is unknowable.In Wales, there is still some belief in the objects; they call them mân macal (snare stones), and glain y nidir (the snake’s jewel).

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Scientists believe that all dinosaurs did not all become extinct, and some evolved into chickens, ducks and geese 2024-01-26 19:26:00 65 million years ago, an asteroid with a diameter of 10 kilometers hit the Earth, causing the fifth mass extinction, of which the dinosaurs suffered the most. But the dinosaurs were not all extinct, to be precise, only the non-avian dinosaurs were extinct, and the remaining dinosaurs with feathers, hollow bones and short flights continued, and gradually evolved into today’s birds, and now the chickens, ducks and geese we eat are all descendants of dinosaurs.

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Fossil

The fossil of Janavis, holotype NHMM RD 271, is embedded in hard rock from the Valkenburg Member of the Maastricht Formation, dating from the Maastrichtian, that made it impossible to perform a detailed analysis without breaking it up. Only parts of the skull (a left pterygoid bone at first mistaken for a part of the forelimb) are exposed on the main block; while a fragmentary tooth, a toe phalanx and three vertebrae of the backbone are associated with it.^[2] Examination using computed tomography in 2021 revealed additional structures inside the rock including neck bones (six cervical vertebrae), an additional four dorsal vertebrae, the first phalanx of the second digit of the forelimb, the left scapula, a humerus and a bit of the upper right femur.^[3]

The fossil of Janavis was collected in 2000^[3][6] during a fossil excavation in the Maastricht Formation exposed at the Cimenterie Belge Réunie-Romontbos Quarry, west of the village of Eben Emael (Bassenge), Belgium. It was collected and partly prepared by Dutch amateur palaeontologist Rudi W. Dortangs. A team of American and Dutch palaeontologists reported the first identification as “Europe’s last Mesozoic bird” in 2002 from which it was assigned as a species of the ancestral group (as a basal member of the clade Ornithurae) of modern birds. The sediments on which the fossil was laid were estimated to be 66.8 million years old, from the Late Cretaceous. The researchers concluded: “This fossil is the youngest non-neornithine (= non-modern) bird known to date from anywhere in the world–it was collected just 40 m below (equivalent to about 800,000 years before) the K-T boundary.”^[2]

The fossil was donated by Dortangs to the Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht (Maastricht Natural History Museum) in Maastricht, the Netherlands, from where it was sent to Daniel J. Field‘s team at the University of Cambridge in 2018.^[7] Field’s PhD student, Juan Benito, was assigned for the analysis.^[8] Hoping that a CT scan could give the parts remaining in the rocks, he made a series of observations, but was disappointed. All he could see was “just a bunch of vertebrae and rib.”^[9] Two years later, Benito, then a post-doctoral scholar, re-examined the specimen. Field’s team subsequently made more elaborate CT scans and came to the conclusion that the specimen was of an ancient bird species not known to science. They published a new description in Nature in 2022, giving it the name Janavis finalidens.^[10] The genus name was derived from the Roman god Janus, the god of beginnings and endings, and the Latin word avis for bird; the specific name from the Latin finalis, meaning ending or final, and dens, for tooth, reflecting that the specimen is among the latest-known toothed birds.^[3]

Janavis is a relatively large bird, with an estimated wingspan of about five feet. The humerus has a length of 134.8 millimeters compared to 71.5 millimeters for the largest known Ichthyornis upper arm bone, specimen YPM 1742. Extrapolation from the humerus shaft circumference results in a weight estimate for Janavis of 1504 grammes. Extrapolation from the humerus length indicates 1604 grammes but was deemed less reliable as this element is broken in the fossil. The minimal weight estimate is 1120 grammes.^[3]

Apart from its size, Janavis can be distinguished from all other known Euornithes by its greater degree of pneumatisation of the dorsal vertebrae and ribs, especially by the presence of large pneumatic openings in the underside of the front thoracic vertebrae and paired fenestrated tubercles on the lower outer edge of the fifteenth presacral vertebra. The shoulder blade lacks an acromion. This is shared with some modern euornithean groups but these are all much more derived.^[3]

The pterygoid is not fused to the palatine bone in front of it, but connected via a ball-shaped facet. On the top the contact facets with the basipterygoid processes are large and ovoid. Both traits indicate a kinesis of the front skull, allowing a vertical movement of the upper jaws relative to the rear of the skull. This condition is shared with the Neognathae, but differs from the rigid palate of the Paleognathae. As Janavis is placed in a position basal to both groups in the evolutionary tree, this would indicate that the Paleognathae independently developed a rigid palate, contrary to the standard interpretation that this trait is a plesiomorphy inherited from the most basal birds.^[3]