The HOT TOPIC of our day seems to be SMART. Smart everything and anything. Recently I saw a commercial on Television regarding Alexa and how to “SMARTIFY” your home. It ended with Bobby Berk urging to:
Smartify yourself, you Smarty Pants you!
The Queer Eyealum spoke with Parade about his favorite smart home devices from Amazon in connection with the SIY/Smartify It Yourself campaign and how they’ve changed his life in multiple ways, some of which are honestly super moving and others that are brilliant for uses you wouldn’t necessarily expect: You can train your Alexa to brew your morningcoffee and even to adjust your lighting to help you sleep better at night and feel more energized when you wake up.
Welcome to the wonderful world of SIY (Smartify It Yourself), courtesy of your host, @bobbyberk ! You spend a lot of time in your home – discover just how easy it is to put your smart home to work for you with the help of Alexa!
spacer The etymology and meaning of the following words should open your eyes. Remember, the only thing that matters is the root. Everything else is a cover up, a deception and a LIE.
smart – [ smahrt ] According to Definition.com
noun
a sharp local pain,usually superficial, as from a wound, blow, or sting.
keen mental suffering, as from wounded feelings, affliction, grievous loss, etc.
smarts, Slang. intelligence; common sense
verb (used without object)
to be a source of sharp, local, and usually superficial pain, as a wound.
to be the cause of a sharp, stinging pain, as an irritating application, a blow,etc.
to feel a sharp, stinging pain, as in a wound.
to suffer keenly from wounded feelings:
She smarted under their criticism.
to feel shame or remorse or to suffer in punishment or in return for something.
verb (used with object)
to cause a sharp pain to or in.
Origin and history of smart According to Etymonline
smart(v.)
Middle English smerten, “to cause pain, to suffer pain,”from Old English smeortan“be painful,”in reference to wounds, from Proto-Germanic *smarta- (source also of Middle Dutch smerten, Dutch smarten, Old High German smerzan, German schmerzen“to pain,” originally “to bite”). The Germanic word is perhaps cognate with Latin mordēre“to bite, bite into,”figuratively “to pain, cause hurt,”and both might be from an extended form of PIE root *mer-“to rub away, harm.”Usually of a lively, pungent, local pain. Related: Smarted; smarts; smarting.
smart(adj.)
Middle English smert, from late Old English smeart, in reference to hits, blows, etc., “stinging; causing a sharp pain,” related to smeortan “be painful” (see smart (v.)). The adjective is not represented in the cognate languages.Of speech or words, “harsh, injurious, unpleasant,” c. 1300; thus “pert, impudent; on the impertinent side of witty”(by 1630s).In reference to persons, “quick, active, intelligent, clever,” 1620s, perhaps from the notion of “cutting” wit, words, etc., or else “keen in bargaining.”From 1718 in cant as “fashionably elegant;” by 1798 as “trim in attire,” “ascending from the kitchen to the drawing-room c. 1880″[Weekley]. For sense evolution, compare sharp (adj.); at one time or another smart also had the extended senses in sharp.Attested from late 12c.as a surname, earlier as a component in them, including Christiana Smartknave (1279). In reference to devices, the sense of “behaving as though guided by intelligence” is attested by 1972(smart bomb, also the computing smart terminal). The figurative smart cookie “clever, perceptive person” is from 1948.
smart(n.)
late 12c., smerte, “sharp physical pain,” from smart (adj.). Cognate with Middle Dutch smerte, Dutch smart, Old High German smerzo, German Schmerz “pain.”Of mental pain or suffering from c. 1300. In old cant, “a dandy,” 1712.Smarts“good sense, intelligence,” is recorded by 1968 (Middle English had ingeny“intellectual capacity, cleverness” (early 15c.)).
1. Onewhoobnoxiouslyandfrequentlyattempts to assertperceivedsuperiority in intelligence;a know-it-all. Don’t be such a smarty-pants.Youdon’tknoweverything.
2. Onewhomakesjokesandusessarcasm in an attempt to seemwitty,butinstead is deemedannoying;a smartaleck. OK,smarty-pants,areyougoing to helpme, or juststandtheremocking me allnight?
n.a cockyperson; a smartaleck. Look,smarty-pants,let’scuttheclowningaround.
smart aleck
a cocky offensively conceited person
That is the original definition of “SMARTY PANTS”. As God made clear to me, the root of anything is the TRUTH. I know this generation does not believe in TRUTH. They think they can change the meaning of words any time they please. Well, through repitition they can convince people that the meaning has changed but the TRUTH is that it is not. The true meaning may be disguised, covered up, and even erased. That does not CHANGE the TRUTH.
Take a look at the definitions of the term smarty-pants above. Whose nature and characteristics are represented? Can you see it or does Satan have you blind?? From the definition of the term “Smarty-Pants” do you want to be called one? Does it sound appealing to you? It might, if you have not been changed by the grace and love of GOD. If that kind of behavior resonates with you, you are still a slave to sin and a child of the Devil.
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precocious – [ pri-koh-shuhs ]
adjective
unusually advanced or mature in development, especially mental development:
a precocious child.
prematurely developed, as the mind, faculties, etc.
of or relating to premature development.
Botany.
flowering, fruiting, or ripening early, as plants or fruit.
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Movies are full of precocious children, often even declaring them to be precocious as if it were a tremendous attribute. But, children become “precocious” when they are exposed to ADULT ideas and behaviors before they should. They are generally pampered, spoiled and allowed to be have in outrageous ways. They receive attention and recognition for it. People laugh and give signals to the child that they think such behavior is so cute and entertaining.
We are all God’s children.
Satan is turning everyone against God. Like spoiled children people become self centered, proud and arrogant, demanding their own way, seeking to take control of their own lives and usurping GOD to become GOD in their own lives.
As a family that loves all things smart, we’re diving into the must-have smart products that make our lives easier and more enjoyable. From #SmartGadgets to #SmartHome features, we’re sharing our favorite smart apps, tools, and devices that help us stay connected and in control. In this video, we’re exploring products that smarten up our family life and could help yours, too:
Garmin Smartwatch for kids: A must-have for tracking your child’s location and activities.
Greenlight Debit Card App: Teach your kids about money management with chores, allowances, and even investing in stocks.
Bark App: Keep your children safe online by monitoring their digital activities on iPad and iPhone.
Govee Smart Lights: Illuminate your home with smart lights that connect with Alexa and Google Home, perfect for every holiday.
Smart Plugs: Control your home’s electronics with ease and efficiency.
iRobot Smart Vacuum: Keep your floors clean with a robotic vacuum that navigates around obstacles.
Smart Cameras for Home and Pets: Stay connected with your furry friends and even toss them treats remotely.
As we embrace the future, investing in smart products is essential for a convenient and modern home. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to upgrade your living space with these innovative solutions. If you enjoyed this video, don’t forget to hit the like button, subscribe, and ring the bell for notifications. Stay tuned for more tips and insights on making your home smarter and your life easier! #SmartHome#TechTips#FamilyLife#FloridaRealEstate#HomeAutomation#SmartLiving#ParentingHacks
Facebook, Twitter, Apple (APPL) and other companies are focused on location services, but the next mobile battleground will be a lot more intimate. The newest technology is focused on smart underwear that can give information and retrieve information without the user having to think about it.From Don Muir of Reuters:
Printed on the waistband and in constant contact with the skin is an electronic biosensor, designed to measure blood pressure, heart rate and other vital signs.The technology, developed by nano-engineering professor Joseph Wang of University of California San Diego and his team, breaks new ground in the field of intelligent textiles and is part of shift in focus in healthcare from hospital-based treatment to home-based management.
The method is similar to conventional screen-printing although the ink contains carbon electrodes.
Smart underwear could revolutionize many mobile technologies:Giving information:A FourSquare-style service could have automatic updates. It would check to see how long the clothing had been in a particular location and, based on the preciseness, check in the user. Apple and, presumably, all mobile companies have user location, but that assumes the user has his or her phone. It is safe to assume potential users will always have their underwear.
Another example would be a medical alert system. Previous technology required the sick to still press a button on the necklace or bracelet alarm. Underwear tracking heart rate and other stats could automatically contact the nearby hospital or care giver.
Receiving information:Apple has already had a successful partnership with Nike (NKE) for shoe/iPod connectivity. It is easy to picture Apple patenting sensor recognition that adjusts the music to the appropriate bpm (Beats Per Minute) based on your heartbeat. An exercise cooldown shifts to, say, uptempo jazz, while a stride shifts to hard-edged hip-hop.
Apple as well as game companies UbiSoft and Nintendo (NTYOD) are already implementing technology that measures user rhythm, heartbeat and breathing patterns, but they all require external equipment. For instance, the Nintendo Vitality Sensor slips like a holder on your finger. Underwear and other clothing-based tech will eliminate the excess — and you can bet a major tech company will be locking the related patents down as soon as possible.
It is not uncommon to have a favorite bra, or a lucky pair of pants. The pair you wear when your fingers are crossed for a really good day. Now, innovations in E-Textiles and Smart Clothing have taken this phenomenon to the next level. Imagine a pair of pants that can play your party playlist when you get too sad, or a bra that can turn down the thermostat when your indoor workout raises your temperature.
Why underwear?
Most sensors for biometrics need skin contact, and textiles are a ubiquitous interface with the body. The technology largely restricts use in loose-fitting clothing, as constant skin contact is needed for reliable electrode-based heart rate monitoring (HRM), making the close fit of underwear the perfect candidate. Today, HRM is one of the most common features in e-textile apparel for biometric monitoring. It can be deployed as simple HRM in beats per minute, or in biopotential data towards a full ECG.
A prominent player in the development and commercialization of e-textiles is Myant, who cover many different technology areas, product types, and potential markets.
Their product options include many different garments for biometric monitoring, including their SKIIN brand for the consumer approach (e.g. biometrics in underwear), but also biometric monitoring products in the healthcare and medical space, including shirts for monitoring blood pressure, partnership with Zoll on their “LifeVest” wearable defibrillator, knee braces with electrical stimulation and heating, and so on.
The sensors in Skiin garments feed data back to the matching Skiin App, running on the Myant Platform, which analyses your data and provides you with advice about lifestyle changes to improve your wellbeing. There is also the option to share this information with your “Care Circle”; a useful feature for those requiring support.
When IDTechExinterviewed Myant in January 2019, their CEO Tony Chahine advised that their main efforts in 2018 had been in achieving FDA approval for their products. He said that they wanted to do this “whether the products will ultimately be for medical use or not”, using the FDA approval to prove the validity and reputation of the products and brand.
The best example of progress in this field is their partnership with Mayo Clinic, focusing on cardiac health. Chahine advises that 2.5 million users have been measured on their platform. They work with Mayo Clinic via a licensing arrangement, and it is likely that the data from Mayo Clinic deployment will be critical in the ultimate FDA process.
The U.S. spy agency is weaving surveillance into smart clothing, pushing the boundaries of privacy with its SMART ePANTS program. Because in the future, your pants might know more about you than you do.
U.S. Spy Agencies Tailor SMART ePANTS: The Next Stitch in Surveillance Technology
KEY HIGHLIGHTS
The U.S. is investing $22 million in SMART ePANTS, aiming to make your wardrobe a potential spy.
From capturing audio and video to geolocation, SMART ePANTS is the latest trend in wearable surveillance.
With entities like MIT and Nautilus Defense on board, IARPA is literally sewing the seeds of a surveillance future.
As the world increasingly embraces smart technology, the intelligence community in the United States is setting its sights—quite literally—on your pants. Say hello to SMART ePANTS, the U.S. spy agency’s vision of the future, where the boundary between privacy and surveillance is as thin as a fabric.
The Fabric of Surveillance
Funded by at least $22 million of federal money, the SMART ePANTS project aims to weave surveillance into the very fabric of our lives. Spearheaded by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), this ambitious program is working on clothing that can capture audio, video, and even geolocation data. From shirts and socks to underwear, the ePANTS program wants to make every garment in your wardrobe a potential spy.
The Companies Behind the Stitching
Not to be sewn alone, IARPA has enlisted the expertise of defense contractors Nautilus Defense and Leidos, along with academic giants like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The other entities in this stitched-up consortium remain undisclosed, because, let’s face it, it wouldn’t be a spy project without some mystery.
High-Risk, High-Stitch Rewards
While IARPA’s high-stakes approach has led to some spectacular hits and misses, the agency’s foray into wearable tech is not its first. It’s a little bit like throwing spaghetti against the fridge, only the spaghetti is made of state-of-the-art textile technology and the fridge is the enigmatic world of intelligence gathering.
Where Could It Lead?
Consider the consequences. In a world where your pants are smarter than your smartphone, the very nature of privacy is redefined. If we’re heading down this path, the next time you forget your phone at home, don’t worry—your pants will remember everything for you. And for the government.
Science reporter, at the British Science Festival, Hull
New mobility tech: (L) A stiffening “cuff” to support the knee; (R) artificial muscles (background) can raise a robotic leg
Johnathan Rossiter proudly displays his new trousers. Brightly coloured and fit for the running track, but packing more than just Lycra. They’ll be robotic.
“We are all going to get older and our mobility is going to reduce,” he says. “What we want to do is give people that extra bit of boost, to maintain their independence as long as possible.”
A team of British researchers thinks the future lies in wearable soft robotics. They’ve developed robotic muscles; air-filled bubbles of plastic that can raise a leg from a seated to a standing position.
Getting this technology into the trousers might be 10 years away, but it is set to give that added boost to our ability to stand and walk when we need it most.
Who wears the trousers?
Prof Rossiter, from the University of Bristol, explained that “there are about 10 million people in the UK with disabilities”. This includes people with functional disability, but also those with mobility problems in old age.
By 2046, the proportion of people aged 65 and over could grow to nearly a quarter of the population. About 1.2 milllion people in the UK have had a stroke.
Many of these people will need mobility assistance. The problems experienced by people may be in walking, sitting and standing, but also with other day-to-day tasks like dressing.
Social services will be under increasing pressure to provide more carers and occupational therapy. This stimulated work by Prof Rossiter to use £2m of EPSRC funding to come up with robotic solutions that would improve on the conventional aids of walking stick/frames, wheel chairs, or mobility scooters.
Researchers were showcasing the technology and some of the clothing developed for the first time at this week’s British Science Festival in Hull. Prof Rossiter told the BBC: “One of our goals is to replicate human muscle in an artificial form, so that you can sew them into your trousers and you’ve got your power trousers.”
What technology is involved?
Prof Rossiter has teamed up with scientists from across the UK to bring together nanoparticle science, functional 3-D printing, smart material development and artificial muscle technology.
“Soft robotics can make materials and structures that behave in a really sophisticated way in contrast to conventional robotics” said Prof Rossiter.
“We have evolved organisms that are so sophisticated in their movement in their sensing and in control, like the octopus, they can bend and twist can squeeze into small spaces. We can take some of these capabilities and put them into artificial muscles, put them onto clothing.”
At the science festival, Prof Rossiter’s team demonstrated the artificial muscles. To my eye, they look like strings of cocktail sausages made from clear plastic (that feels like carrier bag material) and can be inflated with air.
Once inflated, the whole structure contracts and shortens like muscle does, and the cocktail sausage shapes becomes round like baubles.
There is considerable power generated by the artificial muscle and I watched as the University of Bristol researcher demonstrated that this can raise a robotic leg from a seated to a standing position.
The artificial muscles resemble long strings of cocktail sausages made from clear plastic
Another demonstration showed me a cuff of several air-filled long plastic sausages arranged around the knee area. Once inflated it became stiffer and more supportive to the knee. Prof Rossiter told me: “It means you can stand more comfortably.”
“You need a cylinder of air in your back pocket and as you walk you get little ‘phutts’ of air as they actuate,” said Rossiter.
They are potentially noisy to live with, but the vision the team is developing is one using electroactive polymers – materials that require electricity.
Prof Rossiter said this was “great, because you’ve got mobile phone batteries, lithium polymer batteries that you can put in your pocket”.
He added: “With those, you have materials that you apply electricity to, and they contract like a muscle.” And of course they would be silent.
Once incorporated into the trousers, there is scope for an embedded control system. The electroactive polymers themselves generate an electrical signal. Rossiter explains: “So we have this ability to measure someone’s movement from the same materials that are also going to deliver the power to the person. The material is do the sensing, the computation, then they deliver the power to exactly the right place.”
The technology might offer the potential of prolonged independent living, but a potential downside might be discouraging a person from using their own muscles, and then becoming weaker.
But as a rehabilitation device, it may be doing the opposite, Rossiter explains: “So that people who are weaker are becoming stronger, working with the device/trousers – they are exercise trousers making their legs stronger, their knees stronger.”
Undoubtedly, the core technology has come on in leaps and bounds and they are putting it in to action. But the trousers are still just a pair of brightly coloured leggings – at least for the time being.
Style over substance?
They’ve also come up with air-driven waistbands to trousers which, at a push of a button, will allow trousers to loosen at the waist and drop to the floor. To great comic effect in the demo, but with real practical potential.
“People with functional incontinence just can’t get to the toilet in time and end up using pads. That’s a terrible change in their lifestyle, and we are trying to get around that as well,” said Prof Rossiter.
The robotic clothes will need to be washable too.
And then there is the issue of style. It is debatable whether my 79-year-old dad, for example, would care to spend his time in multi-coloured Lycra. So they’ve got to look good – but to whose taste? This could mean that tights or other more discrete undergarments need to be developed with the technology.
Will they be hitting the high street soon?
“Our target is the kind of person that you or I, if we are relatively healthy, would become as we slowly get older,” said Prof Rossiter
“The health service wants this. It is really good at realising that if you are going to interact with the human body, you probably want something that is soft… rather that one of these scary rigid exoskeletons.”
The next phase of the team’s work is going to involve working with clinicians, charities and prosthetic device companies.
Rossiter predicts that with the involvement of good design and manufacturing companies, the trousers could be available in 10 years.
But as Rossiter explained to BBC News: “It could be there is a smart knee-brace or a smart ankle brace or a smart pair of pants. So I see low-hanging fruit coming relatively quickly within a few years rather than having to wait for these actual trousers.”
But first, there are quite a few problems remaining for these researchers to crack. Such as how to store enough energy in the trousers without it becoming too heavy and storing that energy for long periods of time. As Prof Rossiter points out “you don’t want to walk up to the top of a hill and then find you can’t get down the other side”.
A printed, flexible electronic film. pennstatenews
Imagine having a wafer-thin touchscreen on your sleeve which, like a scene out of a Philip K. Dick novel, gives you all the functionality of a smartphone without the awkwardness of a cumbersome battery.
The best part about this scenario is it may not be as far from reality as you think.
The bulky packaging of batteries limits innovation of some of the amazing new, ultra-slim electronics today.
If you open up an iPhone 5, you’ll see that a large proportion of the phone’s volume is taken up by the battery.
But flexible batteries that can be incorporated into fabrics offer a game-changing way of powering personal devices – and take us into a new world of wearable electronics.
How The Conversation is different: We explain without oversimplifying.
The body electric
Piezo is a term derived from a Greek word meaning to squeeze or press, and piezoelectric materials generate electricity when they are pressured or twisted – enabling development of shoes, clothing or recreational gear that generate electricity from movement.
You could have a jacket that’s a wearable mobile phone, with a flexible electronic screen printed on the cuffs, flexible phone circuit boards woven into the fabric, and a microphone in the collar. Just input the number on your cuff, and start talking.
Submission received: 12 July 2017 / Revised: 8 September 2017 / Accepted: 18 September 2017 / Published: 25 September 2017
Abstract
Energy harvesting has been attracting attention as a technology that is capable of replacing or supplementing a battery with the development of various mobile electronics. In environments where stable electrical supply is not possible, energy harvesting technology can guarantee an increased leisure and safety for human beings. Harvesting with several watts of power is essential for directly driving or efficiently charging mobile electronic devices such as laptops or cell phones. In this study, we reviewed energy harvesting technologies that harvest biomechanical energy from human motion such as foot strike, joint motion, and upper limb motion. They are classified based on the typical principle of kinetic energy harvesting: piezoelectric, triboelectric, and electromagnetic energy harvesting. We focused on the wearing position of high-power wearable biomechanical energy harvesters (WBEHs) generating watt-level power. In addition, the features and future trends of the watt-level WBEHs are discussed.
Wearable devices that can be worn by humans in daily life or in special environments have been highlighted with the development of portable electronic devices and IoT (Internet of Things) technologies. These devices are of various types and are available in forms such as smart glasses, smart clothes, biometric sensors, artificial joints, laptops, and mobile phones. They require power ranging from several mill-watts to several tens of watts for operation. The use of wearable devices consuming high amounts of power increases the weight of batteries that are carried together and requires periodic charging. For example, in modern warfare, soldiers carry a 7 kg-battery for 72 h operation of GPS devices, telecommunication equipment, and other equipment [1]. Heated clothing is used to warm the body in outdoor activities at cold temperatures, which requires a power of ~10 W and about 1 kg of Lithium-ion battery for a 10 h-usage [2]. Powered prostheses for walking consume up to 20 W with a 0.49 kg-battery, which should be charged approximately every 3 h [3]. Such high demand of power may not be fulfilled by batteries alone. Therefore, energy harvesting devices have been studied as an assistant energy source for batteries or independent energy sources for the permanent use of wearable devices without restrictions associated with power consumption. Human energy can originate from a chemical or a physical energy source [4]. Typical sources of physical energy include the thermal and kinetic energy of the human body. Wearable thermoelectric devices [5,6] convert heat from the human body into electricity of several μW continuously without affecting the human body. The human body generates kinetic energy in various forms by using muscles, such as foot strike; motions of joints such as ankle, knee, hip, arm, and elbow; and center-of-gravity (COG) motion of the upper body [7,8,9]. Among the human body motions, lower limb motions, such as ankle, knee, and hip motions induce high biomechanical energy because these joints generate a larger torque than other human joints, as listed in Table 1. In particular, during walking or gait motion, the abovementioned motions are periodically repeated, indicating that energy can be harvested continuously. The frequency of gait motion is normally about 0.5–3 Hz which corresponds to a walking speed of 1.3–7.8 km/h. Therefore, many studies have focused on harvesting biomechanical energy generated during gait motion.
Table 1. Biomechanical power from human motion [7,8,9].
Energy harvesting principles for mechanical kinetic energy include piezoelectric [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21], triboelectric [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31], and electromagnetic energy harvesting [1,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], as shown in Figure 1. Electromagnetic generators can be categorized into two types, namely inertial induction [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39] and gear-and-generator [1,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. Piezoelectric energy harvesting is based on the piezoelectric effect, in which an electric charge accumulates in certain materials in response to applied mechanical stress. Piezoelectric materials include crystals, ceramics, polymers, and proteins. Triboelectric energy harvesting is based on the triboelectric effect, in which a material become electrically charged when it comes into frictional contact with another material. Once the two materials are charged, the displacement between two can generate an electric current through an electrode connecting them. The farther the two materials are in the triboelectric series, the more charge can be obtained. Electromagnetic energy harvesting generates electricity based on Faraday’s law. In inertial-induction-type energy harvesters, a permanent magnet is made to vibrate or oscillate relative to a coil using human motion. In gear-and-generator-type energy harvesters, the human motion is amplified by a gear train and the amplified motion is used to operate a rotary generator. Among these principles, inertial induction, piezoelectric, and triboelectric generators harvest relatively low amounts of power, of the order of several mW or lower, albeit with high power per unit volume or unit mass. Meanwhile, gear-and-generator-type energy harvesters are bulky and lead to high consumption of metabolic energy, but they can generate the highest power, up to 10 W.
Figure 1. Electrical energy produced by human biomechanical energy sources and four typical principles of kinetic energy harvesting: piezoelectric (PE), triboelectric (TB), inertial induction type (EM-I), and gear-and-generator type (EM-G) of electromagnetic energy harvesting.
This paper describes a powerful biodegradable and biocompatible piezoelectric nanofiber platform for significant medical implant applications, including a highly sensitive, wireless, biodegradable force sensor for the monitoring of physiological pressures, and a biodegradable ultrasonic transducer for the delivery of drugs across the blood–brain barrier. Built upon materials commonly utilized in medical implants, the devices can self-degrade, causing no harm to the body, and avoid any invasive removal surgeries.
Piezoelectric materials, a type of “smart” material that generates electricity while deforming and vice versa, have been used extensively for many important implantable medical devices such as sensors, transducers, and actuators. However, commonly utilized piezoelectric materials are either toxic or nondegradable. Thus, implanted devices employing these materials raise a significant concern in terms of safety issues and often require an invasive removal surgery, which can damage directly interfaced tissues/organs. Here, we present a strategy for materials processing, device assembly, and electronic integration to 1) create biodegradable and biocompatible piezoelectric PLLA [poly(l-lactic acid)] nanofibers with a highly controllable, efficient, and stable piezoelectric performance, and 2) demonstrate device applications of this nanomaterial, including a highly sensitive biodegradable pressure sensor for monitoring vital physiological pressures and a biodegradable ultrasonic transducer for blood–brain barrier opening that can be used to facilitate the delivery of drugs into the brain. These significant applications, which have not been achieved so far by conventional piezoelectric materials and bulk piezoelectric PLLA, demonstrate the PLLA nanofibers as a powerful material platform that offers a profound impact on various medical fields including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and implanted medical devices.
Current trends of using nanotechnology in textile industries.
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Nanotechnology-driven techniques for fabrication and modification of textile fibers.
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Wearable nanotechnology for energy storage, sensing, drug release, optics, electronics and photonics.
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Environmental concerns associated with nanotechnology processed textiles.
Abstract
Background
In recent years, nanotechnology has been playing an important role in designing smart fabrics. Nanomaterials have been employed to introduce in a sustainable manner, antimicrobial, ultraviolet resistant, electrically conductive, optical, hydrophobic and flame-retardant properties into textiles and garments. Nanomaterial based smart devices are now also being integrated with the textiles so as to perform various functions such as energy harvesting and storage, sensing, drug release and optics. These advancements have found wide applications in the fashion industry and are being developed for wider use in defence, healthcare and on-body energy harnessing applications.
Aim of review
The objective of this work is to provide an insight into the current trends of using nanotechnology in the modern textile industries and to inspire and anticipate further research in this field. This review provides an overview of the most current advances concerning on-body electronics research and the wonders which could be realized by nanomaterials in modern textiles in terms of total energy reliance on our clothes.
Key scientific concepts of review
The work underlines the various methods and techniques for the functionalization of nanomaterials and their integration into textiles with an emphasis on cost-effectiveness, comfort, wearability, energy conversion efficiency and eco-sustainability. The most recent trends of developing various nanogenerators, supercapacitors and photoelectronic devices on the fabric are highlighted, with special emphasis on the efficiency and wearability of the textile. The potential nanotoxicity associated with the processed textiles due to the tendency of these nanomaterials to leach into the environment along with possible remediation measures are also discussed. Finally, the future outlook regarding progress in the integration of smart nano-devices on textile fabrics is provided.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
Nanotechnology, Smart textile, Energy storage, Sensor, Nanogenerator, On-body electronics
Introduction
The modern textile industry faces incessant consumer demand for innovative applications of new technology and a constant stream of new and ever more innovative products. The ‘conventional’ textile industries have seen huge improvements in their products in terms of their mechanical strength and durability, the surface texture and ‘feel’ of the fabric and the ability to dye in a wide range of colours and printing patterns. Other developments include personal care factors such as anti-perspirant and deodourant properties along with flame-retardancy, self-cleaning and anti-microbial characteristics. However, recent years have seen the emergence of so-called ‘smart textiles’ which are derived from the combination of more conventional materials with smart nanomaterials. A smart textile is one which can sense changes in the environment and respond by modifying one or more of its parameters to perform a function [1]. There have been three generations in the development of smart textiles. First generation – or ‘passive’ – smart textiles are those that sense changes in the surroundings but cannot adjust their properties in response. For example, fabrics coated with various metal oxidenanoparticles can produce IR/UV resistant clothes; cotton impregnated with silver nanoparticles has anti-microbial properties. Second generation – or ‘active’ – smart textiles include fabrics which first percieve the changes or stimuli from the environment and then respond accordingly. Examples include thermochromic textiles which respond to changes in temperature by changing colour and shape-memory textiles which can respond to mechanical deformations. Third generation – also called ‘super-smart’ – active textiles are integrated with soft and smart electronics involving sensors, optical gadgets, nano-generators and energy storage devices. For instance, on-body electronics can offer sensing to various pollutants, diseases or threats. Also, attractive optical devices on a smart textile can be supported by nano-generators and energy storage devices [2], [3].
The incorporation of nanotechnology enables manufacture of smart and multi-functional textiles with many innovative applications in the areas of health, pharmaceuticals, fashion, sports, military, advanced protection and transportation (Fig. 1) [1], [2]. Connection to the ‘internet of things’ offers yet further potential for advanced uses. Fabrication of microelectronic devices is now at a level where they can be combined into textiles and allow the unique capabilities of nanomaterials to be exploited to add high added-value functionality to fabrics and garments while retaining other desirable properties such comfort, flexibility, lightness and aesthetic appearance [4], [6].
Fig. 1. Outline illustration of futuristic smart clothing made from nanomaterial processed fibers for on-body multifunctional devices.
Many textile materials such as cotton, silk or polyester are ideal substrates on which to integrate smart, functional nanomaterials [3]. Various approaches have been developed to incorporate nanomaterials into textiles. The ‘bottom-up’ approach is used during the production of fibres from which the facrics are manufactured. By contrast, the ‘top-down’ approach is applied at the finishing stages, for example by printing technologies, spray coating, or impregnation. Electrospinning is a relatively new method for producing fibres and fabrics from processed raw materials and has been shown to be ideal for fabricating nanofibers [1], [4]. In coating technologies, various organic and inorganic compounds can be produced as particles in the nano-size range and can be directly utilised. Examples that have been used include polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline[5], Au [6], Ag [7], Pd [8], Cu [9], Si [10], CuO [11], ZnO [12], carbon nanotube (CNT) [13], [14], TiO2[15], [16], chitosan [17], MXenes [18] and graphene oxide (GO) [19] nanoparticles. Textiles modified with these nanomaterials have potential applications in wound healing [23], [24], air purification [25], drug delivery [24], cosmetics, renewable energy generation and electronic applications such as fabrication of on-body diodes, transistors and circuitry [7].
The objective of this paper is to provide the reader with an overview of current and applications of nanotechnology in smart fabrics and to speculate as to potential future uses. The aim is to provide a comprehensive account of the latest advances in active and passive smart textiles as well as to give an insight to the latest research trends in modern textile industries. Possible environmental concerns associated with these novel textiles will also be highlighted. Hopefully, this will stimulate and inspire further research in this field.
Environmental and health concerns associated with smart textiles
The extensive use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials for the production of smart textile raises concerns and may not be completely beneficial. Various toxic chemicals are used in their production and nanoparticles can leach from the final products and find their way into the water sources after washing of the textiles. To illustrate the problem, a significant amount of Ag nanoparticles have been observed to wash into the waters from a silver treated blanket. Measurement showed that the blanket loaded at 109.8 ± 4.1 mg Ag kg−1 could lose almost 4.8 ± 0.3 mg Ag kg−1 into a user’s sweat over the course of 1 h use [288]. Commercial socks containing nanoparticles with concentration 1360 μg Ag g−1 leached upto 650 μg of Ag into 500 ml of distilled water within 24 h [289]. The extent of leaching was found to depend on the concentration of the Ag nanoparticles in the fabric and also on the pH of water or sweat. Another analysis showed that a fabric containing TiO2 nanoparticles at levels ranging from 2.9 to 8.5 g Ti kg−1 could leach TiO2 at amounts dependent on different pH [290]. Acidic sweat leached 63 ± 13 μg g−1 L−1 , whereas, 38 ± 13 μg g−1 L−1 was found in the alkaline pH [291]. Ag − chloro complexes were detected where the sweat contained high concentrations of chloride ion. Ag nanoparticles are known to be hazardous to aquatic biota including fish and plankton [292]. The antimicrobial nature of Ag nanoparticles may also disrupt the microbial habitat in sewage treatment plants [293]. Solid nanoparticles also pose concerns in the workplace as they may get inhaled and get into the bloodstream [294].
It is clear that much more research is required to fully understand these concerns. Garments manufactured under different conditions may have different stabilities and durability and so lose material at different rates. Considering the severity of these assessments, people need to be much more aware of the influence of toxic nanomaterials on the environment. Manufactures need to ensure that their nanomaterial based textiles are highly durable. At the same time, the general public needs to be educated regarding the proper washing methods and encouraged to use low temperature, low agitation washing with an appropriate organic detergent and to avoid tumble-drying. These measures may mitigate the environmental impact. Further, recycling the processed textile will decrease the production and release of toxic nanomaterials from disposal. As well as the consumers, since nanomaterial based textiles are becoming a blooming economy, concerns regarding health risks of the workers who manufacture them need to be addressed. Hence, proper government regulations regarding this industry and market need to be put in place so that these exciting developments can be realized within the limits of environmental safety.
There would be no risk of running out of power mid-conversation – you’d just move your arms about to charge the batteries. The jacket would be washable – but you’d need another “phone jacket” on the day it was in the wash.
The same technology can power smart sports clothing, so that your jogging suit or cycling shorts could carry a global positioning system (GPS) unit and a fitness monitor powered by your movements as you pedal or run.
You could monitor and analyse your workout before you hit the shower. Australian Football League players already optimise their playing performance using GPS trackers carried between their shoulder blades.
CSIRO researcher Dr Anand Bhatt models a shirt with a pocket incorporating the CSIRO flexible battery, which can be used to power small consumer electronic devices. CSIROC
Smart cycling shirts with pedal powered light emitting diode (LED) panels could help keep cyclists visible on the road – or give a turning signal on the back of their jacket.
In leisure applications, flexible batteries have multiple applications. Incorporating a flexible battery into a backpack means that you could charge your phone, MP3 player, or GPS unit from your backpack after a day’s hike.
Tent panels that incorporate flexible batteries could capture wind energy and use it to charge a personal computer, GPS or personal locator beacon, such as an Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB) – making searches for skiers and hikers lost in the bush easier.
The same technology is being used to capture and store energy to power military electronic equipment, so that soldiers in the field don’t have to carry extra weight of batteries.
On a larger scale, buildings made with fabrics which capture wind energy are proposed as a renewable power source.
In medical care, wearable electronics provide an opportunity for revolutionary advances. Wearable electronic shirts capable of powering automated injection devices could make life easier for patients who need regular injections of insulin or other drugs.
A shirt incorporating a heart rate monitor could sense changes in heart rhythm in elderly or cardiac-impaired patients – and summon emergency services if patient health is severely compromised by a change in heart rate.
Best of all, wearable electronics provide non-intrusive monitoring – enabling patients to pursue normal daily life activities under medical care.
But for those of us for whom batteries are a constant item on the shopping list, perhaps the biggest change that wearable electronics offers is freedom from needing to buy spare batteries.
Now that will make a difference to my personal retail experience.
Today’s new car models all feature some degree of artificial intelligence.
Level 3 autonomous driving depends heavily on AI.
Voice-activated virtual personal assistants can do everything from adjusting the climate control to recommending tourist attractions along your route.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is what all the cool kids are talking about these days, and it’s something to consider when buying a car. Following this year’s Consumer Electronic Show (CES), it’s time we examine AI’s impact on cars and their infotainment systems. Some of the technological advances are positively eye-popping.
We’ll start with a quick review of artificial intelligence, followed by some of the more interesting AI automotive developments and what to expect in the near future. We’ve added jump links so you can skip ahead if you like.
What Is Artificial Intelligence?
According to IBM, AI is technology enabling computers and machines to simulate human learning, comprehension, problem-solving, decision-making, creativity, and autonomy. In other words, AI infuses computers with the power to perform tasks requiring human intelligence through the use of data, algorithms, and adaptive learning.
Can AI Replace Human Intelligence?
Through logic and repetition, AI certainly has the capacity to problem-solve more quickly and reliably than the human brain. However, despite having the capability of learning as it goes, AI can’t duplicate human emotion and imagination.
Is AI Self-Aware?
Presently, AI isn’t self-aware. That is, it doesn’t recognize its place in the world. Will its capacity to learn and evolve ever greater intelligence lead to some sort of consciousness? Most experts assert that AI will restrict itself only to whatever specific tasks it is assigned. To date, no one has figured out how to program emotions or consciousness into a computer.
What Does AI Mean for Cars?
CNET describes the current enthusiasm for artificial intelligence as the “AI Gold Rush,” and it certainly is that. Although we often haven’t affixed the AI label to it, most advanced safety and driver-assistance technologies have ties to AI. Furthermore, the driverless cars of tomorrow will require AI to operate effectively and safely. From voice-activated personal assistants to negotiating busy urban streets without human supervision, AI is totally revolutionizing how we interact with our cars.
Although, primarily because of regulatory entanglements and liability issues, our streets being packed only with driverless vehicles whizzing all about is likely still a decade or more away. Yet, for all intents and purposes, the technology making such a thing possible is mostly developed.
However, there is much more to AI than shouldering the burden of driving the car. AI will be able to not only evaluate your car’s health, delving into the deepest recesses of its systems to sus out current as well as potential problems, but it will also monitor the driver’s health. Moreover, in what is called “contextual technology,” AI will translate repeated driver behavior into personalizing the driver experience. For example, Mercedes-Benz’s MBUX system, which stands for Mercedes-Benz User Experience, can already recognize behavior patterns, using this ability to remind you it’s nearly time to pick up the kids at school or some other repeated routine.
As vehicles become more computerized and AI-oriented, the term software-defined vehicles (SDV) is gaining traction. It was a buzzword at this year’s CES. An SDV assumes the characteristics of smartphones, tablets, and other digital devices capable of receiving revisions and refinements via over-the-air (OTA) updates. It has never been more true that today’s cars are rolling computers with software that keeps the wheels turning.
What Are the Coolest New AI Features for 2025
Automotive is a growing category at the annual Customer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. This year, three noteworthy AI technologies were highlighted there.
Omnivision and Philips In-Cabin Vital Signs Monitoring: While Omnivision specializes in digital imaging and touch-and-display technology, Philips concentrates on technologies to promote healthcare innovation. They have collaborated to develop an in-cabin, connected well-being monitoring system. Sensors will measure vital signs like heart rate and breathing rate. Not only does it monitor driver well-being, it can translate that information into climate-control adjustments, audio volume control, cabin lighting, and more.
Continental Invisible Biometrics Sensing Display: Yep, that Continental, which manufactures and markets tires, is also a leader in technology. Its collaboration with biometric solutions innovator trinamiX has produced an unintrusive wellness monitoring solution. Using a camera and laser projector located behind the dashboard display, it detects passengers through a high-res OLED screen. Not only does it measure a driver’s vital signs, but it maps where each passenger is for more effective employment of airbags while offering other potential benefits.
Garmin Unified Cabin 2025: What doesn’t Unified Cabin do is the easier question to answer. This technology is a confluence of a variety of cabin electronics–-regardless of brand–-under a single, 6-screen system. Powered by Android, it brings a complete digital experience to four seating positions, which translates into a voice-activated personal assistant for each seat. Moreover, the system will automatically link a phone, earbuds, or other Bluetooth device to whichever seat you choose. A carmaker can tailor Unified Cabin to operate with its electronics.
What Is Honda ASIMO OS?
ASIMO OS is an in-house-developed system that will be the operating system (OS) for Honda’s new O Series electric vehicle (EV) models in 2026. It will bring integrated management across the vehicle’s platform and oversee the electronic control units (ECUs) for systems, including automated driving, driver assistance, and infotainment.
If ASIMO sounds familiar, it was the name of the humanoid robot Honda introduced in 2000 that was capable of walking.
Level 3 Autonomous Driving
Over the next two years, we’ll see a dramatic increase in the availability of Level 3 autonomous driving. Despite claims to the contrary, today’s most advanced-sounding driver-assistance systems, like GM’s Super Cruise, Ford’s BlueCruise, Tesla Autopilot, and others, are Level 2 Autonomous. Level 2 turns the acceleration, steering, and braking control over to the car under certain conditions, but the driver must keep their eyes on the road. You can learn more about the six levels of autonomous driving by reading our article: Self-Driving Cars: Everything You Need To Know.
Level 3 allows you to take both your hands and eyes off the road under certain conditions and at designated speeds. AI makes Level 3 possible. At the beginning of 2025, only Mercedes-Benz markets cars in the United States with Level 3 capability and then only on limited roads in California and Nevada. BMW currently provides its Personal Pilot Level 3 system in some models in Germany but predicts Level 3 in U.S. models in 2025. Honda has had its Sensing Elite Level 3 capability in some of its Honda Legend models in Japan since 2021. However, more carmakers will have Level 3 available on U.S. roadways in the next several months:
Rivian Autonomy Platform: With a launch date in 2026, this platform will bring hands-free and eyes-off technology to Rivian models.
Ford BlueCruise: We expect Ford’s BlueCruise to reach Level 3 capability in some 2026 models.
GM Super Cruise: GM hasn’t predicted when it will upgrade its Super Cruise to Level 3, but we believe it will be no later than 2026 for some models.
Tesla Autopilot:Tesla claims it already has Level 3 capability but has yet to offer it to the public. Tesla CEO Elon Musk has said there should be at least some limited U.S. availability in 2025.
Volvo: The carmaker has announced it will offer Level 3 on its 2025 Volvo EX90 electric SUV.
What Is a Large Language Model in a Car?
Although the term may not be familiar, a large language model is the artificial intelligence responsible for crunching mountains of data to understand and generate text as a human does to respond to questions and organize information, including in a car as with Google Assistant. When typing text, the program offers suggestions for completing the sentence, which is a product of its large language model. ChatGPT is a solid example. Large language models constantly evolve, improving their ability to communicate more naturally. We expect that trend to continue, including in vehicles.
How Does Google Assistant Work?
Powered by a large language model, Google Assistant can be found on many car models. For example, it is the virtual personal assistant in the GMC Sierra EV truck. Google Assistant can perform various functions through voice commands, freeing the driver to concentrate on the road. Some of those functions:
Hands-free phone calling
Set navigation destinations and obtain real-time traffic updates
Change climate-control settings
Set schedule reminders
Wi-Fi management
Oversee battery charging
More Engaging AI-Enhanced User Interfaces
AI opens the door to more complex, entertaining, and informative user interfaces. Larger touchscreens, multi-screen displays, and enhanced head-up displays are how we will receive information going forward. Among the newer AI-influenced systems:
Harman Luna avatar with QVUE: Most of us are familiar with the Harman name for its wide-ranging group of audio companies, including Harman Kardon, JBL, Infinity, and others. However, it is also on the cutting edge of connected car technology. Its range of integrated “Ready” technologies, like Ready Display, Ready Connect, Ready Engage, and Ready Vision QVUE, can turn a car’s cockpit into a beehive of interactive connectivity. It is introducing its Ready Engage “Luna” avatar AI system to function with its A-pillar-to-A-pillar windshield QVUE display and other Ready Vision products. Key features include dynamic street visualization and transparent-hood views.
Hyundai Mobis Holographic Display: This system employs a specialized film with a holographic optical element to project images and information. It uses the lower portion of the entire windshield from pillar to pillar as its canvas. It’s completely customizable. However, it appears it may not be marketed widely in the United States until 2027.
BMW Panoramic Vision: Another head-up display involving the entire width of the windshield, this BMW version also utilizes the lower portion of the glass as its screen. BMW hasn’t teased a release date yet, but by 2026 is a safe bet.
AI for Cars Globally
AI isn’t a regional phenomenon; however, AI can develop differently because of local culture and regulations.
European Union
For the American consumer, AI development is focused on easing driver stress and enriching the passenger environment. Although some adaptive cruise control systems provide automatic adjustments to reflect changing speed limits, thus far, adhering to posted speed limits isn’t an AI mandate in this country.
However, in the European Union, maintaining posted speed limits is a core goal of AI driver-assist technology. Intelligent speed assistance (ISA), depending on the ISA system, will issue a warning, apply brake pressure, or reduce engine power when the speed limit is exceeded. In fact, by law, beginning in July 2024, the European Union mandated that manufacturers equip every new car with an ISA system.
China
Unlike the U.S., where each state has its own automotive requirements in addition to federal regulations, China has a single, top-down regulatory structure. Consequently, AI driver-assistance systems are advancing at a somewhat quicker pace there. Carmakers like XPeng and Huawei have developed AI systems that more closely mimic human driving behaviors, exceeding the capabilities of those currently offered in the U.S. market.
4 Tips for Picking a Car Based on AI Capability
One of AI’s attractive features is its transparency. Like the air we breathe, it’s there, but most of us don’t give it much thought. Unless you are a techie, you probably aren’t going to base a car-buying decision on a vehicle’s level of AI proliferation. But if AI proficiency is important to you, we’ve provided some things to look for.
Driver assist vs. automated driving: How much of the driver’s load do you want AI to shoulder? Most recent model-year vehicles have driver-assistance features like lane-keeping assist and rear cross-traffic alert. Although it’s optional on many models, adaptive cruise control is relatively common, too. These are Level 1 driving aids that may or may not be AI-enhanced. However, if you want a greater degree of automation, you’ll need a Level 2 or Level 3 system. As already described, Level 2 allows removing your hands from the wheel under certain conditions, while Level 3 also allows you to take your eyes off the road in certain situations.
Voice-activated assistants: In-car personal assistants are now quite common in new models. Whether it’s “Hey, Alexa” with Alexa Auto, ChatGPT as with “Hey, Mercedes” in that carmaker’s MBUX OS, or the virtual assistant from some other system, they are a form of human-machine interactions. These assistants come with varying degrees of sophistication. The level of responsiveness, capability to understand, and capacity to learn your preferences aren’t the same from one system to the next. Some extra research, as well as testing the personal assistant during the test drive is required to make the right pick for you.
Over-the-air (OTA) updates: Technology doesn’t stand still. You want to ensure that whichever system a vehicle features that said system can update in real-time over the air.
Extra costs: Be sure you understand what an AI operating system is capable of as is and what requires a subscription. Any subscription cost must be factored into your budget.
AI-enhanced car technology is advancing at a blistering pace. It has the potential to make driving less stressful, safer, and more entertaining. It’s probably capable of things we have yet to realize. However, we’ve reached the point at which it’s no longer whether a new model car features AI but how much AI it has.
The NextGen Acela trains will boost seating capacity by 25%, accommodating 386 passengers with additional features like USB ports and contactless restrooms.
The new trains are being built by Alstom, a global leader in rail manufacturing. Amtrak’s expertise as the only high-speed rail operator in the U.S., combined with Alstom’s proven track record, has resulted in the NextGen Acela.
This collaboration is part of a $2.45 billion investment to modernize the heavily traveled Northeast Corridor (NEC).
Rail enthusiasts have already spotted the new Acela trains in action. YouTube user Fan Railer shared footage of the NextGen Acela reaching speeds of 165 mph during a test run through Wickford Junction. These tests are crucial to ensuring the trains meet safety and performance standards before entering regular service.
Originally planned for release nearly four years ago, the new Acela trains faced setbacks due to manufacturing challenges and the pandemic. A federal watchdog report even flagged defects in some trainsets, further delaying the launch. However, Amtrak has resolved these issues, and the trains are now in the final stretch before public rollout.
Amtrak has confirmed that the new Acela trains will enter service in spring 2025. The modernized fleet promises to enhance the travel experience for millions of passengers along the NEC, bringing better connectivity, efficiency, and sustainability. The wait is almost over, and the future of American high-speed rail is finally coming into view.
Today, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming railways, creating smart trains and connected railway systems. These innovations enable real-time data exchange between trains, tracks, and control centres, enhancing operational efficiency, safety, and passenger experience.
This article will explore the potential of smart trains to transform mobility within the railway sector while creating a more connected ecosystem that enhances efficiency, safety, and passenger experience.
SMART Trains
Smart trains are developed through the integration of advanced embedded systems, onboard sensors, and communication modules that facilitate real-time data collection, transmission, and analysis. These sensors monitor critical train components, including wheel temperature, vibration levels, engine performance, and braking systems. The data collected is relayed to a central control centre, enabling continuous assessment and optimisation of operational parameters.
Future of IoT in Railways
IoT is setting up the ground for autonomous trains where AI-driven systems handle driving, monitoring, and safety operations without human intervention.
AI and Machine Learning will be integral to advanced predictive maintenance, enabling rail operators to forecast component failures months in advance with greater accuracy.
The advancement of smart trains outlines a meaningful enhancement in operational efficiency, safety, and passenger experience within the railway industry. The incorporation of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G connectivity is creating a more responsive railway ecosystem. Smart coaches in Indian Railways, equipped with sensors for real-time diagnostics and passenger information systems, demonstrate practical implementations of these developments. While challenges such as the higher costs of implementing these technologies and integration with existing systems persist, advancements like Maglev and Hyperloop hold the potential to further enhance rail travel by offering faster and more efficient transportation alternatives.
Here’s what it’s like flying in a plane with no pilot
Reliable Robotics and Xwing are two Bay Area start-ups working on planes that can fly themselves — no pilot required. Rather than building new aircraft, both companies have retrofitted Cessna Grand Caravans. The planes can fly autonomously while a remote operator monitors the flight, taking control if needed.
Both companies said they are working with major logistics companies to deliver cargo as a first use case once FAA approval happens.
Xwing took CNBC up for a test flight where the pilot didn’t touch the controls once. Watch the video to see how the technology works and learn when self-flying planes could become the norm.
Feb 26, 2023, 06:30am ESTUpdated Feb 27, 2023, 11:57am EST
The aircraft are already here. Pilot unions are preparing for battle. And the FAA is playing it cool. Autonomous flight is coming to civil aviation sooner than anyone thinks, and it may prove to be a surprising boon for flyover country.
InJanuary, Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun revealed an open secret in the world of aviation. “I think the future of autonomy is real for civil,” he told Bloomberg TV, before quickly offering some qualifiers. “It’s going to take time. Everyone’s got to build confidence. We need a certification process that we all have faith and believe in.”
The U.S. military has been flying autonomous planes for decades, of course, but always in a segregated airspace. Now it’s becoming increasingly clear that self-flying planes are coming to commercial aviation, and not in some distant Jetsons future world. Aircraft manufacturers are working toward it. Airlines are eager for it. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is preparing for it. And pilot unions acknowledge the threat is looming on the horizon.
A decade ago, the conversation was largely speculative. But today, many in the aviation industry believe that small, self-flying planes could be carrying passengers by the end of this decade. Then, barring no major safety incidents, it could take as little as another decade before larger passenger jets operate without a pilot on the flight deck.
“It’s all about money,” says Dennis Tajer, a pilot for 35 years and the spokesman for Allied Pilots Association, which represents 15,000 American Airlines pilots. “Manufacturers are looking for the next innovative technology to deploy so that they can sell it and make money, and airlines are looking at how they can do this more cheaply.”
It’s a charge that’s difficult to rebut. Six years ago, a report from the Swiss bank UBS estimated that autonomous planes could save the air transportation industry more than $35 billion per year. Still, the same report flagged a bright red public perception problem. A 2017 global survey found that a majority of people would be unwilling to fly in a plane without a pilot, even if the airfare were cheaper. The next year, a public survey from Ipsos found that 81% of Americans would not be comfortable traveling on a self-flying plane. Notably, that survey was sponsored by the Air Lines Pilots Association (ALPA), whose 65,000 members make up the largest pilot union in the country.
Winging It: Small self-flying planes, like this one by Xwing, are expected to carry passengers by the end of the decade.Courtesy of Xwing
The introduction of autonomous aircraft into the civil aviation mix will begin with small cargo planes, led by companies like Xwing, a Northern California-based startup. “We took an existing Cessna airframe,” says Xwing CEO Marc Piette, “which is the most widely used express cargo airframe, and we’ve been modifying that vehicle to convert it to a remotely-supervised vehicle. We think the cargo market is the best first place to deploy this. And we’ve been very deliberate.”
For the past few years, Xwing has been running automated test missions, mainly in California. A flight plan is submitted, just as if there were a human pilot, and the flight’s parameters are pre-programmed before takeoff. “It’s really a one-click thing,” Piette says. “You engage the system and it runs its mission.”
Until the technology is certified by the FAA, however, there will need to be a safety pilot on board. This allows Xwing to fly without jumping through regulatory hoops. “The safety pilot can disconnect a system and revert the aircraft to manual flying, but otherwise doesn’t do anything but monitor the system. It’s a very boring job,” Piette explains. Meanwhile, the Cessna is operated from the ground, with one human controller watching a moving map on a screen and interfacing with air traffic control.
“All of these companies are really looking forward to the day where there will not be a pilot on board.”
Once the technology is certified, Xwing plans to introduce and operate these vehicles by late 2025 and then make it available to other operators. “To give you an example, FedEx has about 240 Cessna 208s for its U.S. network,” Piette says, alluding to the scalability of the venture. He expects his autonomous aircraft to be transporting human passengers by the end of this decade.
Xwing is certainly not the only manufacturer working on autonomous cargo aircraft, but it has a secret weapon in its chief compliance and quality officer. Earl Lawrence knows a thing or two about FAA regulations, having recently left the agency, where he was the head of aircraft certification. Prior to that, Lawrence had started the FAA’s unmanned office. “One of the key things of bringing this category of aircraft to the cargo market is that we are not changing the rules. We are following the regulations,” he says, noting that some companies in the space have made proposals that do not comply with FAA regulations. “That’s what significantly slows things down.”
Few people know more about autonomous aircraft than Stephane Fymat, who heads up Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) at Honeywell, which has a long history producing autopilot systems for Boeing Dreamliners, Gulfstream and Embraer jets as well as other aircraft.
No Flying Zone: Pipistrel’s autonomous plane has plenty of room for cargo, but no cockpit for a pilot.
Courtesy of Pipistrel and Textron
Fymat shared with Forbes a PowerPoint deck for a speech he has given at invitation-only industry conferences. After a brief introduction, a slide appears with six images laid out in a grid. Each shows an aircraft produced by one of Honeywell’s clients. Some are designed for cargo and others for passengers. In one photo, men are loading boxes into a cargo plane made by Slovenian light aircraft manufacturer Pipistrel, which Rhode Island-based Textron acquired last year. The plane does not even have a cockpit.
“Basically, most of them will start with a pilot now and move to having no pilot on board,” Fymat says of Honeywell’s partners. “A few of them want to do it within four or five years and some think it’s more like a 10-year range.”
One immediate advantage of pilot-free small planes is the increased capacity. Autonomy can immediately turn a six-passenger plane into seven-seater. “All of these companies are really looking forward to the day where there will not be a pilot on board,” Fymat says. “They’re all planning for it, in fact, and we’re helping them get there.”
“Cargo is an entryway drug for them,” Tajer says. “The script is to start with something that doesn’t sound like it’s going to hurt people. But the reality is that it’s still the same sky, and it’s still a metal tube in the air and passenger jets will be sharing the sky with them.”
For manufacturers, bringing new aircraft into the mix requires navigating the regulations of the FAA and the world’s other aviation authorities. “We have an application on an all-electric autonomous airplane that we refer to as Wisk,” Boeing’s Calhoun told Bloomberg. “That application is in and the FAA will begin working with us today on building out a certification program for autonomy and for Wisk. There’s so much to learn, so much to do, but it is being done.”
Some worry that the FAA may be too accommodating. “The FAA ebbs and flows between being a monolithic oversight authority to slowly, over time, becoming too cozy with the manufacturers and the airlines,” Tajer notes. “That’s a funding issue, it’s experience, and then it also can become a culture issue, which you don’t have to look too far back [to the 737 Max crashes], to see what happens when there’s too cozy a relationship. The FAA just needs to stand firm on delivering the safest possible system out there.”
During the pandemic, some airlines quietly lobbied the agency to amend what’s known as Part 121 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, which requires scheduled carriers to have at least two qualified pilots on the flight deck, arguing that a single-pilot approach would help alleviate the pilot shortage. The FAA’s European counterpart recently ruled against making such a change until 2030 at the earliest.
It’s a rationale echoed by manufacturers. “Look at the airliners that we fly in every day,” Fymat says. “They don’t yet take off by themselves. They don’t taxi by themselves. But once they’ve taken off, they’ll do the entire flight by themselves, and they will land by themselves if you wanted them to. Airplanes have been doing this for years.” He adds that it’s just a matter of time before jets can do it all. “Adding in the ability to divert and redo a flight plan because of an emergency or whatever, communicating with air traffic control, those are the next pieces. But the basics already there.”
Naturally, the idea of single-pilot flight decks doesn’t sit well with pilots. “They’re talking about taking out that backup human system,” Tajer says. “Having that second pilot can be the difference between people getting hurt or them getting through an incident safely. And that’s because no matter how much technology you have, the importance of having another human being who has as much at risk and is committed to protecting those passengers in the back is what makes our safety system so successful here in the U.S.”
Meanwhile, automation is advancing. “AI technology is a big opportunity to establish the next generation of products in the industry, the epicenter of really, really powerful core technologies,” says Arne Stoschek, the head of machine learning and autonomy at Acubed, an Airbus innovation center. At Toulouse Airport, near Airbus headquarters in southwestern France, the manufacturer is testing a suite of pilot-assistance technologies in a demonstrator it calls DragonFly. Much like how actual dragonflies can recognize landmarks while in flight, the aircraft’s systems use artificial intelligence and sensors on the outside of the plane to “see” features in the landscape and safely maneuver autonomously within its surroundings. To date, the capabilities include automated emergency diversion in cruise, automatic landing and taxi assistance.
In the near term, the greatest challenge for self-flying planes may be getting the public to accept them. Xwing’s Lawrence expects public perceptions to evolve with time. “As the technology gets rolled out, people will understand it better and trust it more,” he says.
Advocates point out that among the first beneficiaries will be people who live in rural locales far from major airports. “This isn’t just about getting somebody from downtown Wall Street to JFK in eight minutes flat, which is very valuable by the way,” Honeywell’s Fymat says. “It’s also about the rural community, who right now has no air service. Or the essential air service that they have is, like, once a week.”
Xwing’s Piette agrees. “The impact is going to be dramatic,” he says. “Among the reasons [regional airports] are losing commercial traffic today is that there’s a significant pilot shortage, which makes it very challenging to staff some of these routes. If you’re in places like Wichita or Louisville, good luck trying to find direct routes to wherever you want to go.” With a large volume of smaller aircraft, there can be a higher frequency of flights between any small-city destination pair, according to Piette. “And we can reinstate access to flights to small localities.”
Ultimately, Tajer argues, “it’s going to come down to whether people eventually get used to the idea. And I don’t know, but when you’re in the sky, and it’s noisy, and the aircraft is doing things you’ve never felt before, and nobody’s in the cockpit, you might be thinking, ‘I sure hope that kid down on the ground at the computer has got this stuff figured out, because my family’s lives depend on it.’ That’s a big hump to get over.”
Willie Jones covers transportation for IEEE Spectrum and the history of technology for The Institute.
In the race to develop autonomous vehicle technology, some companies are steering away from robotaxis to explore a different avenue: driverlessbuses. With an anticipated shortage of qualified bus drivers looming and concerns growing about the relative inefficiency of robotaxis, companies are opting to equip city buses with advanced levels of autonomy.
This a far better application for autonomous vehicle tech than robotaxis, says Kevin DeGood, the director of infrastructure policy at the Center for American Progress in Washington, D.C. “The two modes are totally different in how they affect congestion. Buses and rail reduce congestion, while robotaxis increase it. The congestion comes from increased deadheading by ride-hailing vehicles.” Deadheading, DeGood explains, is when a vehicle is returning without any passengers.
“Buses don’t deadhead, except sometimes when out of service,” DeGood says. “During peak periods, a city bus often carries several dozen people. The average robotaxi carries one.”
The San Jose–based Imagry is leading this charge. It makes an autonomous driving software stack that it sells to automakers. It also retrofits standard electric buses with its self-driving tech and sells the finished buses to municipal mass transit agencies. The company, founded in 2015, was initially focused on computer vision for various applications.
For now, the company’s buses rely on Level 3 technology, operating routes with a human driver behind the wheel as a precaution. But the company’s CEO, Eran Ofir, told IEEE Spectrum that Imagry is working to secure the first-ever Level 4 certification for a standard city bus by the third quarter of 2025.
“Based on our track record, we’re confident that our buses will meet the standards set by the respective rule-making authorities,” Ofir says. Ofir added that there has been no movement in this direction in the United States, because although Imagry has operated autonomous vehicles on public roads in Arizona, California, and Nevada, the regulatory environment there does not yet support self-driving buses.
“Imagry is not doing robotaxis because we believe it’s a domain with a problematic business model,” Ofir says. “The hardware that is installed on those vehicles costs between US $70,000 and $100,000. You cannot take that solution into the average passenger vehicle that costs $30,000 or $40,000. It will take two or three years to see any return on that investment.” That concern about cost, he says, is why Imagry does not use lidar or radar systems. Instead, its system relies on cameras, which are much cheaper.
IImagry’s buses are equipped with eight low-resolution cameras. A machine learning algorithm merges the data from these cameras into a 360-degree map, providing the bus with a comprehensive view of a bus’s surroundings, accounting for everything up to a 300-meter radius. The system architecture includes multiple deep neural networks, each tasked with monitoring a unique aspect of the environment. One tracks traffic lights, another monitors pavement markings like crosswalks and lane dividers, and yet another keeps an eye out for pedestrians. This allows onboard AI in charge of motion planning to reliably make decisions about accelerating, braking, switching lanes, or turning.
Governments across Europe and Asia are embracing this shift. And if the Level 3 trials open the door for Level 4 autonomy on city buses, the days of chatting with a bus driver and asking for suggestions about places to eat, shop, or sightsee—or what parts of town to avoid—may be increasingly in the rearview mirror.
This article explores how AI and IoT are transforming urban life, the real-world innovations driving smart city initiatives, and the emerging technologies shaping the future.
What defines a smart city, and why are AI and IoT fundamental to its development?
A smart city is an urban environment that leverages advanced technologies, primarily Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), to optimize infrastructure, enhance public services, and improve the overall quality of life for its residents. The goal of a smart city is to create a more efficient, sustainable, and responsive urban ecosystem that can adapt in real time to the needs of people, businesses, and governments.
Key features of a smart city
Connected infrastructure: IoT-enabled sensors, smart grids, and automated systems that provide real-time data on transportation, energy, and utilities.
AI-driven decision making: AI analyzes vast datasets from IoT devices to optimize traffic flow, predict infrastructure failures, and improve resource allocation.
Sustainability and energy efficiency: Smart grids, AI-driven waste management, and optimized energy distribution help reduce emissions and operational costs.
Enhanced public safety and security: AI-powered surveillance, automated emergency response systems, and predictive analytics help cities prevent and respond to crises.
Digital governance and citizen engagement: AI and IoT improve government decision-making by using data-driven insights, enabling seamless e-governance and real-time communication with citizens.
Why AI and IoT are fundamental to smart cities
AI and IoT are the backbone of smart city development because they convert raw data into actionable insights that improve urban efficiency. Here’s how:
IoT collects data:
IoT sensors track traffic patterns, air quality, energy consumption, and waste levels in real-time, providing cities with constant feedback loops to improve services.
AI processes and analyzes data:
AI algorithms detect patterns, predict issues before they occur (such as traffic congestion or infrastructure breakdowns), and recommend proactive solutions.
Automation and real-time adjustments:
AI-driven automation ensures smart traffic lights optimize flow, smart buildings adjust energy use, and predictive analytics improve public safety measures.
Scalability and long-term growth:
AI and IoT allow cities to expand smart services without requiring major overhauls, enabling continuous improvement and innovation.
How do AI and IoT enhance urban infrastructure, mobility, and energy management?
AI and IoT form the foundation of modern smart cities, transforming how infrastructure is managed, how people move, and how energy is distributed. IoT devices collect real-time data, while AI analyzes and optimizes operations, making cities more efficient, sustainable, and responsive to challenges.
1. AI and IoT in urban infrastructure
Smart infrastructure uses AI and IoT to improve public utilities, transportation networks, and essential services. Cities leverage these technologies to automate maintenance, reduce costs, and enhance service delivery.
Key applications:
Predictive maintenance: IoT sensors on bridges, roads, and public buildings detect wear and tear, while AI predicts potential failures, allowing for proactive repairs before issues escalate.
Smart waste management: IoT-enabled trash bins monitor fill levels, and AI optimizes waste collection routes to reduce costs and environmental impact.
Water and utility management: AI analyzes data from IoT-connected water pipes to detect leaks and abnormal usage, ensuring efficient distribution and preventing waste.
2. AI and IoT in urban mobility
Traffic congestion and inefficient transportation systems cost cities billions annually. AI and IoT work together to optimize traffic flow, enhance public transit, and improve urban mobility.
Key applications:
Smart traffic management: IoT cameras and sensors collect real-time traffic data, and AI adjusts traffic lights and reroutes vehicles to reduce congestion.
AI-powered public transport: AI analyzes IoT data from buses, trains, and ride-sharing services to optimize schedules, reduce wait times, and increase efficiency.
Autonomous vehicles and smart parking: AI-driven self-driving cars use IoT-enabled road sensors to navigate safely, while smart parking systems detect available spots and guide drivers, reducing fuel consumption.
3. AI and IoT in energy management
Energy efficiency is a core pillar of smart cities, and AI combined with IoT enables sustainable, data-driven energy distribution.
Key applications:
Smart grids: IoT sensors monitor power demand, and AI automatically adjusts electricity distribution to prevent blackouts and reduce waste.
Renewable energy optimization: AI predicts solar and wind energy production, balancing renewable sources with traditional power grids.
Intelligent building automation: AI-driven HVAC and lighting systems adjust based on occupancy and weather, reducing energy use in offices and homes. ust like smart cities, the digital transformation in the oil and gas sector is leveraging AI and IoT to optimize operations, enhance efficiency, and improve decision-making.
What are the biggest benefits of AI-driven smart cities?
AI-driven smart cities optimize resources, reduce costs, and improve urban living by leveraging real-time data and automation. From sustainability to public safety, AI transforms how cities function, making them more efficient, secure, and resilient.
1. Sustainability and energy efficiency
Smart grids balance energy demand and reduce waste.
AI forecasts solar and wind energy production, integrating renewables effectively.
AI-driven HVAC and lighting cut energy consumption in buildings.
2. Traffic and mobility optimization
AI analyzes real-time traffic data, adjusting signals and rerouting vehicles.
Public transit schedules adapt dynamically based on commuter demand.
AI-powered smart parking reduces congestion and fuel waste.
3. Public safety and emergency response
Predictive analytics detect crime hotspots and enhance law enforcement efficiency.
AI-driven disaster response systems provide real-time alerts for floods, fires, and earthquakes.
Smart surveillance helps detect and prevent security threats.
4. Waste and water management
AI optimizes waste collection routes, reducing fuel consumption and costs.
IoT sensors detect leaks in water systems, preventing resource waste.
5. Digital governance and citizen engagement
AI-powered chatbots and platforms streamline public services and e-governance. Government and enterprise leaders can enhance productivity by reducing meeting fatigue with AI, ensuring discussions remain focused and action-oriented.
Smart city dashboards offer real-time insights on urban operations. Implementing smarter meeting agendas can help urban planning teams and city officials keep discussions focused, ensuring meetings drive meaningful progress.
How is AI transforming decision-making in city governance and enterprise operations?
AI is revolutionizing how governments and enterprises manage cities, making decision-making faster, more data-driven, and efficient. From urban planning to business operations, AI-driven insights help leaders optimize resources, reduce costs, and improve citizen services.
1. AI in smart city governance
AI empowers governments to make real-time, data-backed decisions, improving public services and urban management.
Predictive policy and planning: AI analyzes trends in traffic, energy use, and infrastructure maintenance, helping governments anticipate needs and allocate resources proactively.
Smart public services: AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants handle citizen inquiries, reducing administrative workloads. Implementing AI-driven meeting strategies can lead to a significant ROI from reduced meeting time, allowing smart city officials to allocate resources more effectively.
E-governance and automation: AI automates permit approvals, legal documentation, and municipal workflows, improving efficiency. By incorporating AI-powered meeting tools, smart cities can enhance collaboration among stakeholders, improving governance efficiency. Cities can take inspiration from digital transformation in project management, where AI-driven automation enhances efficiency, governance, and collaboration. Government officials can improve efficiency by leveraging machine learning for meeting preparation, ensuring well-structured discussions that drive actionable outcomes.
2. AI in enterprise operations
Businesses leverage AI to streamline processes, enhance decision-making, and improve operational efficiency.
Predictive analytics for business strategy: AI forecasts market trends, helping enterprises optimize investments and resource allocation. Universities and innovation hubs within smart cities can benefit from AI in research project management to enhance data-driven decision-making and resource allocation.
AI-powered risk management: AI detects fraud, cybersecurity threats, and compliance risks, minimizing business disruptions. Leveraging AI in meeting management enables city officials to track decisions, follow up on action items, and ensure policy discussions translate into tangible results.
Automated business intelligence: AI processes large datasets from multiple departments, providing executives with actionable insights for strategic decision-making. Similarly, the shift from traditional banking to fintech demonstrates how AI-driven innovation is reshaping industries by automating operations and improving user experiences.
3. AI in crisis and emergency management
Governments and businesses use AI to respond to crises faster and minimize disruptions.
Disaster prediction and response: AI predicts natural disasters, traffic accidents, and cybersecurity threats, enabling proactive action.
Smart surveillance and security: AI-driven facial recognition and anomaly detection improve public safety.
AI in healthcare and emergency services: AI-powered ambulance dispatch systems optimize response times in emergencies.
How do real-world smart city initiatives improve governance and citizen engagement?
AI and IoT are reshaping urban governance by enabling real-time decision-making, automating services, and enhancing citizen engagement. Smart cities worldwide are using these technologies to improve public services, transparency, and civic participation, making governance more efficient and responsive.
1. AI and IoT in digital governance: Automating public services
Smart cities leverage AI-powered automation and IoT data to make government services more accessible and efficient.
Smart public portals: AI-driven e-governance platforms streamline processes like permit applications, tax filings, and legal documentation.
AI chatbots for citizen services: Governments use AI chatbots to handle inquiries, complaints, and administrative requests, reducing bureaucratic delays.
IoT in smart administration: Sensors track real-time energy use, traffic, and water supply, helping officials make data-driven policy decisions.
Example: Saudi Arabia’s SDAIA (Saudi Data & AI Authority) integrates AI into government operations, digitizing services and automating decision-making for faster, more efficient governance.
2. Real-time citizen engagement and feedback
AI and IoT-powered platforms enable two-way communication between governments and citizens, fostering trust and accountability.
AI-driven civic apps: Citizens report issues (potholes, traffic lights, and waste management problems) through AI-powered apps, triggering automated city responses.
Smart voting and digital consultations: AI analyzes public sentiment and gathers citizen input for policy-making and urban planning. By using NLP for stakeholder sentiment analysis, city leaders can better gauge public sentiment, improving policy-making and governance.
IoT-powered smart feedback systems: Interactive kiosks and AI-driven surveys help cities gather real-time feedback on public services.
Example: Barcelona’s Decidim platform allows residents to participate in decision-making, shaping city projects through digital voting and AI-powered consultations.
3. AI in smart law enforcement and public safety
Cities use AI and IoT to enhance security, predict crime trends, and ensure safer public spaces.
Predictive policing: AI analyzes crime patterns to allocate police resources where they are needed most.
Smart Surveillance: AI-enhanced cameras detect suspicious activities, traffic violations, and emergencies in real time.
Disaster response and emergency alerts: AI predicts floods, earthquakes, and fire risks, alerting citizens through IoT-connected warning systems.
Example: Dubai’s Smart Police Stations use AI-driven crime detection and automated reporting systems, reducing administrative load on officers while improving security.
What challenges must cities overcome when adopting AIoT solutions?
While AI and IoT (AIoT) are transforming cities, their adoption comes with significant challenges in security, cost, and ethics. Governments and enterprises must address these concerns to ensure trust, sustainability, and efficiency in smart city projects.
1. Security and privacy risks
AIoT systems collect and process vast amounts of sensitive city and citizen data, making them prime targets for cyber threats. As AI and IoT become integral to urban development, addressing cybersecurity challenges in smart cities is crucial to prevent cyber threats that could compromise infrastructure and citizen data.
Cybersecurity vulnerabilities: IoT devices are often poorly secured, making them easy targets for hacking, data breaches, and ransomware attacks.
Surveillance concerns: AI-driven surveillance raises privacy issues, especially in facial recognition and public monitoring.
Data protection and compliance: Cities must navigate regulations like GDPR (Europe) or SDAIA guidelines (Saudi Arabia) to protect citizen data.
Example: In 2021, a cyberattack on a Florida water treatment facility showed how poorly secured IoT systems can be exploited to disrupt essential services.
Solution: Governments must implement strong encryption, AI-powered threat detection, and strict access controls to secure AIoT ecosystems.
2. High costs and scalability issues
Deploying AIoT solutions requires significant upfront investment in infrastructure, training, and maintenance.
Infrastructure costs: Smart city projects require high-speed networks (5G), edge computing, and IoT sensors, leading to budget concerns.
Ongoing maintenance and upgrades: AI systems need constant updates to remain effective, and IoT devices have limited lifespans, leading to recurring costs.
Scalability challenges: Expanding AIoT projects to entire cities is complex, requiring seamless integration across multiple agencies and service providers.
Example: India’s Smart Cities Mission faced delays due to budget constraints, forcing cities to scale down AIoT deployments in early stages.
Solution: Governments can partner with private tech firms, adopt cloud-based AI solutions, and implement phased rollouts to manage costs.
3. Ethical and social concerns
The use of AIoT in smart cities raises ethical dilemmas around data ownership, bias, and surveillance.
Bias in AI decision-making: AI models trained on biased datasets can lead to discriminatory policing, unfair housing policies, and biased hiring decisions.
Job displacement and workforce challenges: AI-driven automation may replace traditional jobs, requiring reskilling initiatives.
Public trust and transparency: Citizens fear AIoT will be used for mass surveillance, leading to resistance against smart city projects.
Example: AI-driven facial recognition in China sparked global debates on government overreach and privacy concerns.
Solution: Cities must ensure transparent AI decision-making, involve public consultations, and implement fair data governance policies.
What emerging technologies will shape the future of smart cities?
The future of smart cities will be driven by emerging technologies that enhance connectivity, security, and automation. Innovations like 5G, blockchain, edge computing, and AI-powered digital twins are revolutionizing how cities operate, making urban environments faster, safer, and more efficient.
1. 5G: The backbone of smart cities
5G enables ultra-fast, low-latency communication, essential for real-time AIoT applications.
Faster data transmission: 5G processes IoT data in milliseconds, allowing instant traffic control, remote surgeries, and autonomous vehicles.
Better network scalability: Supports millions of connected devices per square kilometer, making large-scale AIoT deployments feasible.
Reliable public services: 5G enhances smart grids, emergency response, and surveillance systems, ensuring uninterrupted operations.
Example: In Saudi Arabia, NEOM is deploying 5G to power AI-driven urban infrastructure and autonomous mobility solutions.
2. Blockchain: Enhancing security and transparency
Blockchain ensures tamper-proof, decentralized data management, strengthening trust in smart city operations.
Secure citizen data: Blockchain prevents identity theft and cyberattacks by decentralizing personal records.
Transparent governance: Smart contracts enable automated, corruption-free government transactions.
Decentralized energy trading: Cities can enable peer-to-peer energy sharing, letting residents buy/sell solar energy securely.
Example: Dubai’s Smart Dubai initiative is integrating blockchain to automate public services and create a fully digital government.
3. Edge computing: Faster AI decisions without cloud delays
Edge computing processes data locally instead of relying on cloud servers, reducing latency and improving efficiency.
Real-time AI analytics: Edge AI enables instant traffic monitoring, predictive policing, and smart home automation.
Reduces cloud costs: Offloading data processing lowers bandwidth use and infrastructure costs.
Enhances privacy: Keeps sensitive citizen data on local devices, reducing the risk of breaches.
Example: Singapore is deploying edge AI in smart traffic systems, cutting congestion and reducing travel time by 15%.
4. AI-powered digital twins: Simulating city operations
Digital twins are AI-driven virtual replicas of cities, used for urban planning, disaster prediction, and infrastructure monitoring.
Traffic and infrastructure simulations: Governments test new road layouts, energy grids, and construction projects virtually before real-world implementation.
Disaster preparedness: AI analyzes digital twin data to predict floods, fires, and pollution trends.
Smart building optimization: Monitors real-time air quality, temperature, and energy efficiency in large commercial spaces.
Example: Saudi Arabia’s NEOM is integrating digital twins to plan urban development and optimize infrastructure performance before construction begins.
How does adam.ai support enterprises in managing smart city initiatives effectively?
Managing large-scale urban projects and smart city initiatives requires structured collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and efficient follow-ups. adam.ai empowers enterprises, governments, and IT leaders by providing an intelligent meeting management platform that enhances efficiency, accountability, and strategic alignment.
Agenda management for smart city planning: Define structured meeting agendas to align stakeholders, urban planners, and government officials on key smart city initiatives.
Content collaboration for cross-sector coordination: Centralize urban development proposals, AI-powered traffic reports, and IoT data insights for real-time collaboration across teams.
Action management for smart governance execution: Assign and track infrastructure projects, AI-driven energy optimization plans, and public safety initiatives, ensuring accountability.
Meeting minutes for compliance and transparency: Automate meeting documentation for city councils, IT leaders, and government agencies, ensuring accurate record-keeping and policy tracking.
Multi-space management for cross-departmental projects: Oversee multiple smart city initiatives across transport, energy, and security sectors within a single, structured digital workspace.
Analytical dashboards for data-driven decisions: Gain real-time insights into project progress, AI adoption in urban planning, and smart city KPIs, driving informed, ROI-focused decision-making.
Transform how you conduct critical meetings—From meticulous preparation to effective execution and insightful follow-up, adam.ai integrates comprehensive analytics, full customization, and intuitive interfaces with powerful meeting management tools.
AI and IoT are redefining how governments, enterprises, and IT leaders plan, execute, and sustain urban innovations. To successfully navigate this transformation, enterprises and governments need modern tools that streamline collaboration, decision-making, and project execution.
And while there may be multiple solutions available, here is why adam.ai is the meeting management software platform you can trust:
adam.ai is one of Atlassian Ventures’ portfolio companies.
In the meeting management software category on G2, adam.ai has been ranked a leader and a high performer for successive quarters in the past years.
adam.ai has been included in the Forrester Report in the AI-enabled meeting technology landscape.
adam.ai is trusted and used by powerful teams and organizations worldwide for all types of critical meetings, like board, committee, project management, and business development meetings.
And most importantly, adam.ai integrates with your existing workflow, is SOC2 compliant, provides dedicated support and success, and has a free trial option.
Here is some of the most current information on the types of SMART products are available to the public.
Brilliant touchscreen panels with built-in Alexa make it easy for everyone at home to control popular smart devices, lighting, cameras, locks, thermostats, intercom, scenes, and more by simply replacing a light switch. Transform your house or apartment into an easy-to-use smart home with the award-winning Brilliant Smart Home Control and Brilliant mobile app.
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They want you to believe this is all about making your life better. If you believe that, I have a bridge in Nevada you just can’t afford to pass up. What a deal!
The truth is that everything they do is geared toward taking full control of every aspect of your life, as well as your life. Your life spiritually, mentally, physically and emotionally.
You need to think about what you are doing to yourself when you open yourself, your home, your job, your family up to the new SMART Technology. Once you are fully “connected” you are totally at their mercy. YOU NO LONGER HAVE AUTHORITY ANYTHING.
Now we will look at the second have of the term “SMARTY-PANTS”
pants(n.)
“trousers, drawers,” 1840, see pantaloons. The word was limited to vulgar and commercial use at first.Colloquial singular pant is attested from 1893. To wear the pants “be the dominant member of a household” is by 1931, also with trousers. To do something by the seat of (one’s) pants “by human instinct” is from 1942, originally of pilots, perhaps with some notion of being able to sense the condition and situation of the plane by engine vibrations, etc.To be caught with (one’s) pants down “discovered in an embarrassing condition” is from 1932.
pant(v.)
mid-14c., panten, “breathe hard or rapidly,”perhaps a shortening of Old French pantaisier“gasp, puff, pant, be out of breath, be in distress” (12c.), which is probably from Vulgar Latin *pantasiare“be oppressed with a nightmare, struggle for breathing during a nightmare,”literally “to have visions,” from Greek phantasioun “have or form images, subject to hallucinations,”from phantasia “appearance, image, fantasy” (from PIE root *bha- (1) “to shine”). Related: Panted; panting.
“a gasping breath, a quick, short effort of breathing,” c. 1500, from pant (v.).They have you believing that by putting every aspect of your life into their “smart” system you are taking control! LOL The truth is you are surrendering your God given Authority over your life to Artificial Intelligence which is nothing more or less than DEMONIC SPIRITS.
The internet of EVERYTHING. The Singularity. Life governed/controlled by Artificial Intelligence.
When everything is ONE. It takes literally nothing to wipe it all out. They can take us all back to the dark ages with a thought. There are so many ways they can crash our system and make it look like an accident, natural disaster or an act of WAR.
EMPs, CMEs, sabotage, extreme weather, natural disasters, war, espionage, terror attacks, AI overreach, Government manipulation.
So do you really want “SMART TECHNOLOGY” in your life? Is it WISE to “Smartify Your Home”?? You should see by now that SMART is not a good thing. Wisdom and Discernment are what everyone needs. Those things come from GOD. The WORLD has nothing good to offer you. EVERY GOOD and PERFECT GIFT comes from Our Father Above.
I included these next two articles about the WAR in the Middle East to show you that not only is it possible for them to use technology as a weapon against us, but it is already being done. If the have the ability you can EXPECT them to use it.
Israel has now cut off electricity to Gaza, affecting accessibility to drinking water. This comes after Israel cut off all supplies of goods to Gaza last week. https://abc7.com/post/israel-gaza-ele…
In a local power outage, you can have your wireless internet at home with a simple battery backup to your modem and wireless router. However, in a wide power blackout, where your internet provider has no power, you will lose your internet connection even if your modem and router are powered.Internet services are often still functional during a power outage, provided you have an alternative power source for your internet equipment. Wi-Fi routers need a power source to function, meaning Wi-Fi cannot work without electricity. There are various methods to access the internet during a power outage, including backup power sources, and mobile hotspots.
In this video, we’re exploring products that smarten up our family life and could help yours, too: 
As we embrace the future, investing in smart products is essential for a convenient and modern home. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to upgrade your living space with these innovative solutions. 
If you enjoyed this video, don’t forget to hit the like button, subscribe, and ring the bell for notifications. Stay tuned for more tips and insights on making your home smarter and your life easier! #SmartHome #TechTips #FamilyLife #FloridaRealEstate #HomeAutomation #SmartLiving #ParentingHacks
Facebook, Twitter, Apple (APPL) and other companies are focused on location services, but the next mobile battleground will be a lot more intimate. The newest technology is focused on smart underwear that can give information and retrieve information without the user having to think about it.From Don Muir of Reuters:
03/12/2025 8:00am
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