REVIVED ROMAN EMPIRE – Maritime Law – You & Your Children – Part 4

RESTORED: 8/12/22
It really is important to view this series in order.  The information revealed builds on itself, so that you cannot fully appreciate the posts individually.  Please view the entire Series from beginning to end.  The links are listed in order at the end of each post.  Thank you and God bless you.  

It may seem silly to you to be putting so much emphasis on word and their roots and meaning, but let me tell you, when God first filled me with His Spirit and started teaching me spiritual things, he took me first to the dictionary.  He told me that the root of anything is all that matters and my two volume Funk & Wagnalls had all the words broken down with their etymology.  It did not take me long to find out that there is enough truth in the dictionary to get anyone saved.  Word are powerful, especially in the realm of the spirit.  Remember, God created the entire universe by just speaking it into existence!

Please be sure to view the entire post.  I pray that as you do GOD will speak to your spirit and quicken you.

Some of you are more familiar with Maritime Law than others.  Don’t make the mistake of thinking you don’t need to view this post.  I am nearly certain that there is information here that you have not seen before.

There is opportunity in this post for each of you to STAND and be part of breaking the yoke off our necks and returning us to TRUE LAW and save our children and grand children from the madmen who would do them harm.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME LAW

HAILEGABRIEL GEDECHO
Jul 20 2013

Maritime History - Articles & Podcasts - HistoryExtraTransportation of goods and passengers by water is one of the most ancient channels of commerce on record. This mode of transportation was and still is indispensable for international trade since ships are capable of carrying bulky goods which otherwise would not be carried. Rules governing relationships among participants of sea-transport have also been known since c.1st millennium BC.

Ancient maritime rules derived from the customs of the early Egyptians, Phoenicians and the Greeks who carried an extensive commerce in the Mediterranean Sea. The earliest maritime code is credited to the island of Rhodes which is said to have influenced Roman law. It is generally accepted that the earliest maritime laws were the Rhodian Sea Laws, which have been claimed to date from 900 B.C., but which more likely appeared in the form recognized today during the period from 500 to 300 B.C. These laws were recognized in the Mediterranean world as a method of providing predictable treatment of merchants and their vessels. The complexity and attention to detail found in the Rhodian Sea Laws demonstrated the sophistication of commerce and trade of Ancient Greece – a world of commerce, the center of which, Rhodes, was in a position to dictate terms for trade.

Although the decline of Greece and the rise of the Roman Empire did alter the influence of the Rhodian Sea Law, a uniform code based on the Rhodian Law remained and was recognized as essential to peaceful and profitable Mediterranean trade: the Mediterranean Sea was for more than one thousand years [300 B.C. to 1200 A.D.] only ruled by the Rhodian Law, although augmented with some additions by the Romans. Thus, the Digest of Justinian, dated 533 A.D., states the following regarding any controversy arising in the Mediterranean Sea: “This matter must be decided by the maritime law of the Rhodians, provided that no law of ours is opposed to it.

These laws which derived their essential elements from Rhodian customs were afterwards leveled up by Romans. There was a great enlargement of the application of the principles of the Roman law in the revival of commerce consequent upon the growth of the Italian republics and the great free cities of the Rhine and the Baltic Sea. Special tribunals were set up in the Mediterranean port towns to judge disputes arising among seafarers. This activity eventually led to the recording of individual judgments and the codification of customary rules by which courts become bound. Three noted codes of maritime lawwhose principles were found in the Roman law, were formulated in Europe during the three centuries between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1300

1)  Libre del Consolat de mar of Barcellona was adopted by the cities on the Mediterranean;
2), the Laws of Oleron prevailed in France and England; 
3), Laws of Wisby governed the great free cities of the Hanseatic League on the Baltic.

The oldest of these codes was Consolato del Mare, or Regulation of the Sea, prepared at Barcelona. It was a compilation of comprehensive rules for all maritime subjects. It, for example, dealt with ownership of vessels, the duties and responsibilities of the masters or captains thereof, duties of seamen and their wages, freight, salvage, jettison, average contribution, and the like. Libre del Consolat de mar of Barcellona and the Tablets of Amalfi, one prepared at the famous of Italian seaports, enjoyed authority far beyond the ports where they were promulgated. In essence, until the rise of modern nations, maritime law did not derive its force from territorial sovereigns but represented what was already conceived to be the customary law of the sea.

Eventually, as commerce from the Mediterranean moved northward and westward, sea codes developed in northern European ports. Among the important medieval sea codes were the
1) Laws of Wisby
 (a Baltic port), the
2) Laws of Hansa Towns (a Germanic league), and the
3) Laws of Oleron (a French island).
The Consolato del Mare was inspirational in the preparation of these later codes. In particular, the Laws of Oleron, the second great code of maritime regulation, was inspired by the Consolato del Mare. These three codes are called the three arches upon which rests modern admiralty structure.

As could be understood from the discussion above, the earliest developments relating to maritime law occurred in areas belonging to what is now known as the Continental legal tradition. These developments contributed to the early admiralty law of England –the origin of the common law legal tradition and one of the major maritime states with rich tradition in shipping. The European admiralty doctrines were carried to the USA –another important shipping nation – through the English system of admiralty law, which initially was inspired by what have been termed the three arches of modern admiralty law –the Laws of Wisby, the Laws of Hansa Towns, and the Laws of Oleron.  (which were based on and inspired by the Roman Maritime Laws, which were based on the RHODIAN maritime laws.)

Costa Concordia disaster - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
Costa Concordia disaster


Contemporary maritime law is a mixture of ancient doctrines and new at laws both national and international. Among the traditional principles of admiralty still in use are marine insurance, general average and salvage. The welfare of the seaman, the ancient concept of “maintenance and cure” are also still in use today. The main reason for the continuous use of ancient principles of law is the unchanging nature of basic hazards of seafaring. Since at least the end of the 19th century, however, naval architecture and cargo handling have changed in significant ways. The extensive use of crude oil carriers as well as carriers of liquefied natural gas has, for example, posed new hazards and questions of liability for oil pollution and damage to the marine ecology and the shorelines. (SO, this is what the whole Green Ecology farce is all about.  Carting oil and natural gas on the oceans is interfering with the Roman control of the SEAS.) As a result of this, modern maritime law consists of laws that are of historic origin and of recent development. Note also that not all of the original principles of maritime law still apply.

The earliest known maritime laws were uniform. According to one historian, the great value of the rules which had been developed for maritime trade lay in the fact that they had been “found by practice to be suitable to the needs of a community which knows no national boundaries –the international community of seafarers.” This historical uniformity of early maritime laws declined with the growth of nationalism. However, maritime transactions have always been international in nature which most of the time involve individuals from different jurisdictions. International shipping is “a complex business, and its activities are conducted in a manner that often implicates the interest of several countries.” The complex international aspect of the transaction, on the one hand, and the fact that maritime law is national (than international), on the other, present different problems. (so their solution?  Get rid of NATIONS!! Globalize) The difference in domestic maritime legislations may, for example, make the outcome of the “international” transaction unpredictable to participants. Moreover, jurisdictional, choice-of-law, and forum non conveniens issues would be there.

Making the rules of maritime law universally uniform, once again understood, would alleviate most of the problems related to unpredictability and conflict of laws. This understanding has led to the revival in the nineteenth century of the ancient tendency to make rules relating to maritime transaction uniform globally. This effort was first started at the instigation of lawyers and commercial men such as those who founded the Comité Maritime International (CMI) and the national maritime law associations; and continues to grow under the aegis of the Intergovernmental Maritime Organization (IMO) and other United Nations affiliated organizations with the cooperation of experts in the private sector. (all the NGOs and Corporation Owners)

Founded in 1897, the International Maritime Committee or CMI   initiated uniformity among national maritime legislations of member countries. Among the conventions drafted by CMI were the Hague Rules (International Convention on Bill of Lading), and the Visby Amendments (amending the Hague Rules), the Salvage Convention and many others. Since 1958, many of CMI’s functions have been taken by the International Maritime Organization of the UNO. This organization has also continued the move towards uniform maritime laws. Many states adhered to this rules either by incorporation of the provisions in domestic laws or by implication of treaty obligations. Thus, now, we can speak of the relative uniformity of national maritime laws of different shipping states which may not be matched by the degree of uniformity attained in some other areas of law. (Meaning, all law is heading in this same global direction.  Once they have the martime laws globalized, ALL laws will be globalized under the NWO.)  The degree of harmonisation so far attained is not, however, satisfactory in so far as some areas are concerned. For example, there still exists differences in assessment of maritime claims. (that is a big one, because that affects their money!)

The history of maritime law in Ethiopia had not been clear until the enactment of the 1960 Maritime Code. Though Ethiopia‘s maritime history dates as far back as the times of Axum, a parallel development of the laws relating to maritime trade was absent. It is only since 1960’s that Ethiopia witnessed a development of a comprehensive maritime legislation coupled with the resurgence of shipping trade after the establishment of the Ethiopian Shipping Lines SC (ESLSC). The 1960 Maritime Code is still the most important piece of legislation in the area.

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Long ago, the Vatican has declared us all “lost at sea” or dead and therefore it must manage all our Estate forever.

The Vatican is not just a church of politics and military minds; it is a Corporate Bank of Pirates. And it has been our position that a better system has already been designed that is far better than the Corporation.
The abolition of money through the release of all useful but suppressed technologies should free the people from debt slavery for good.
It is high (time) that we chart our own course for humanity’s survival and put a final stop to medieval concepts that have deterred this planet from attaining its highest advancement possible through unhampered collective scientific effort.
The satisfaction of basic needs and the availability of resources to advance oneself should arrest the motivation to corrupt and should make all criminal justice infrastructures obsolete.

VaticanBank
Vatican Bank of Secrecy

Through the issuance of Papal Bulls it has created the most elaborate system of deception through what is now known as Uniform Commercial Codes [UCC] or the corporate laws which transform our physical existence into an abject slavery.
Understanding how they’re doing it exactly is the only way we can defeat them.

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Pope ‘Ruler Of The World’ To Go After War Criminals?

cardinals
Pope Francis has practically canceled the decree of Benedict, replacing Bertone and other members of the committee in charge of reforming the bank

UPDATED 8.06.2013 – When we originally posted this article I did not have the exact supportive information connecting the Pope, the Vatican and the Corporate structure of our planet. Thanks to Brian Kelly, and all his research over the past few weeks, I now have included that data.
If you are not aware of how much influence the Vatican and the Pope has had over the planet your veil is about to be lifted.  There is a preponderance of information to support what I am about to put forth and I am not going to detail every facet of it here. This is simply a generalization for conceptual understanding in relation to this latest revelation.
Before we start to discuss this announcement and its possible significance lets gain some perspective on why the Vatican and Pope are so influential.

Unam Sanctum and Cestui Que Trusts

The Vatican and Popes between 1350-1550 AD enacted the Papal Bull Unam Sanctum and Cestui Que Trusts. The Papal bull laid claim to the entire planet, the living beings on it and all the souls in perpetuity (all Eternal Essence Embodied).  The Cestui Que Trusts, of which there are 3, make the foundations for the nanny state, social security system and are used to “track” your PERSON in the slavery systems of the Powers that were.  For more on Papal Bulls see The Power of Papal Bulls – Black Magick made of Human Skin.
Here is the last paragraph from the Papal Bull Unam Sanctum, Pope Boniface VIII November 18, 1302:

For, according to the Blessed Dionysius, it is a law of the divinity that the lowest things reach the highest place by intermediaries. Then, according to the order of the universe, all things are not led back to order equally and immediately, but the lowest by the intermediary, and the inferior by the superior. Hence we must recognize the more clearly that spiritual power surpasses in dignity and in nobility any temporal power whatever, as spiritual things surpass the temporal. This we see very clearly also by the payment, benediction, and consecration of the tithes, but the acceptance of power itself and by the government even of things. For with truth as our witness, it belongs to spiritual power to establish the terrestrial power and to pass judgement if it has not been good. Thus is accomplished the prophecy of Jeremias concerning the Church and the ecclesiastical power: ‘Behold to-day I have placed you over nations, and over kingdoms’ and the rest. Therefore, if the terrestrial power err, it will be judged by the spiritual power; but if a minor spiritual power err, it will be judged by a superior spiritual power; but if the highest power of all err, it can be judged only by God, and not by man, according to the testimony of the Apostle: ‘The spiritual man judgeth of all things and he himself is judged by no man’ [1 Cor 2:15]. This authority, however, (though it has been given to man and is exercised by man), is not human but rather divine, granted to Peter by a divine word and reaffirmed to him (Peter) and his successors by the One Whom Peter confessed, the Lord saying to Peter himself, ‘Whatsoever you shall bind on earth, shall be bound also in Heaven’ etc., [Mt 16:19]. Therefore whoever resists this power thus ordained by God, resists the ordinance of God [Rom 13:2], unless he invent like Manicheus two beginnings, which is false and judged by us heretical, since according to the testimony of Moses, it is not in the beginnings but in the beginning that God created heaven and earth [Gen 1:1]. Furthermore, we declare, we proclaim, we define that it is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff.

What this paragraph is doing is establishing the authority of the church as our intermediary: a divine institution run by divine beings who are not human, who have been entrusted with the salvation of man because they are ‘superior’ and we are ‘inferior.’ Therefore we need to be led from the ‘lowest’ to the ‘highest’ place and if we ‘err’ we must be punished and judged according to our earthly ‘divines.’
For more information on the Cestui Que Trusts go here:

http://one-heaven.org/canons/positive_law/article/100.html

For more information on the Papal Bull go here:

http://one-evil.org/content/texts_papal_bull_1302_unam_sanctam.html

Vatican City, London and Washington D.C. 
The Vatican and the Roman Cult is essentially the worlds first corporation; pirates. The Holy “See” a ‘salvage yard.’ The Papal Bull Unam Sanctum and Cestui Que declare everyone in the world lost at sea and the Vatican owns the title to your Estate.
The Vatican is also the central nexus for all corporate activity. Public and Private corporations are arms of this central body by extension. London and Washington DC are linked to the Vatican and it is believed their charters are held there.
The vast majority of the worlds corporations are registered in Washington DC.  The Pope, is the “sovereign” head of this hierarchical corporate and ecclesiastical system. The highest living authority on earth; the “boss.”
Therefore, when the boss, makes a statement like this: All crooked employee’s who have been committing crimes, in all the places of the world, I am removing your immunity and coming after you.  It is a big deal.
For more information, including references, connecting the Pope to the USA Inc., Britain and the connections that lead to the Vatican as the head, see the bottom of this post. 
For more information on the Vatican, London and Washington DC connection go here:
http://lightworkersxm.wordpress.com/2012/08/04/the-hidden-empire-the-vatican-city-the-city-of-london-the-district-of-columbia-now-that-is-who-really-owns-us-and-how/
The Latest Revelation
In an article issued by Vatican Radio, Pope Francis issues Motu Proprio on criminal law matters in Vatican, it would appear that a great deal of change has been happening behind the scenes:

The criminal laws adopted today are a continuation of the efforts to update Vatican City State’s legal system, building upon the measures adopted since 2010 during the pontificate of Benedict XVI.

These laws, however, have a broader scope, since they incorporate into the Vatican legal system the provisions of numerous international conventions including: the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, on the conduct of war and war crimes; the 1965 Convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination; the 1984 Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the 1989 Convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols of 2000.

Of particular note in this context is the introduction of the crime of torture and a broader definition of the category of crimes against minors (including: the sale of children, child prostitution, the recruitment of children, sexual violence and sexual acts with children, and the production and possession of child pornography).

In line with the most recent developments at the international level, the new legislation also introduces a system of penalties for juridical persons who profit from the criminal activities of their constituent bodies or personnel, establishing their direct liability and providing as penalties a set of interdictions and pecuniary sanctions.

One would think that out of all the countries on earth to recognize the Geneva Conventions it would be the Vatican; they are ‘superior’ after all.  There has been scandal in the Vatican and Catholic church related to child sex and pedophilia for decades. There have been scandals related to money laundering and connections with organized crime.  Now it would appear that a reconciliation of law is happening within the church and they are finally going to enforce treaties and systems which have been in place for years.
This could be good news, and it very well may be, I however like to reserve such appraisals for hindsight.  There is a portion of this clarification issued by Vatican Radio which begs questioning:

A section of the legislation introduces a list of crimes against humanity, in particular, the crimes of genocide and apartheid, following broadly the definitions adopted in the 1998 Statute of the International Criminal Court. The section of the Criminal Code regarding offenses committed in the exercise of public administration has also been revised in light of the 2003 United Nations Convention against corruption. With regard to penalties, that of life imprisonment has been abolished and it has been replaced with a maximum penalty of 30 to 35 years of imprisonment.

What is the purpose for abolishing the life sentencing and reducing it to a maximum of 30 to 35 years? It is hard to determine what the purpose of this would be but in the greater contest of this announcement and in the greater contest of the Shift we can infer that this will probably mean big changes; Especially in light of what D from RTS discusses later in this post.
This could be the trigger which starts another round of mass CEO resignations much like what we saw in late 2011 early 2012.
For the complete clarification issued by Vatican Radio go here:

http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/07/11/pope_francis_issues_motu_proprio_on_criminal_law_matters_in_vatican/en1-709480

Statement Issued by Pope

APOSTOLIC LETTER
ISSUED MOTU PROPRIOOF THE SUPREME PONTIFF
FRANCISON THE JURISDICTION OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES OF VATICAN CITY STATE
IN CRIMINAL MATTERSIn our times, the common good is increasingly threatened by transnational organized crime, the improper use of the markets and of the economy, as well as by terrorism.
It is therefore necessary for the international community to adopt adequate legal instruments to prevent and counter criminal activities, by promoting international judicial cooperation on criminal matters.
In ratifying numerous international conventions in these areas, and acting also on behalf of Vatican City State, the Holy See has constantly maintained that such agreements are effective means to prevent criminal activities that threaten human dignity, the common good and peace.
With a view to renewing the Apostolic See’s commitment to cooperate to these ends, by means of this Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio, I establish that:
1. The competent Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State shall also exercise penal jurisdiction over:a) crimes committed against the security, the fundamental interests or the patrimony of the Holy See;b) crimes referred to:– in Vatican City State Law No. VIII, of 11 July 2013, containing Supplementary Norms on Criminal Law Matters;– in Vatican City State Law No. IX, of 11 July 2013, containing Amendments to the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code;when such crimes are committed by the persons referred to in paragraph 3 below, in the exercise of their functions;c) any other crime whose prosecution is required by an international agreement ratified by the Holy See, if the perpetrator is physically present in the territory of Vatican City State and has not been extradited.2. The crimes referred to in paragraph 1 are to be judged pursuant to the criminal law in force in Vatican City State at the time of their commission, without prejudice to the general principles of the legal system on the temporal application of criminal laws.
3. For the purposes of Vatican criminal law, the following persons are deemed “public officials”:a) members, officials and personnel of the various organs of the Roman Curia and of the Institutions connected to it.b) papal legates and diplomatic personnel of the Holy See.c) those persons who serve as representatives, managers or directors, as well as persons who even de facto manage or exercise control over the entities directly dependent on the Holy See and listed in the registry of canonical juridical persons kept by the Governorate of Vatican City State;d) any other person holding an administrative or judicial mandate in the Holy See, permanent or temporary, paid or unpaid, irrespective of that person’s seniority.4. The jurisdiction referred to in paragraph 1 comprises also the administrative liability of juridical persons arising from crimes, as regulated by Vatican City State laws.
5. When the same matters are prosecuted in other States, the provisions in force in Vatican City State on concurrent jurisdiction shall apply.
6. The content of article 23 of Law No. CXIX of 21 November 1987, which approves the Judicial Order of Vatican City State remains in force.
This I decide and establish, anything to the contrary notwithstanding.
I establish that this Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio will be promulgated by its publication in L’Osservatore Romano, entering into force on 1 September 2013.
Given in Rome, at the Apostolic Palace, on 11 July 2013, the first of my Pontificate.
FRANCISCUS
© Copyright – Libreria Editrice Vaticana

Interesting Comments from RTS
D has some interesting insights to share :

Pope’s decree about to cause mass resignations?

This message was just sent from a friend of ours to Heather, which she then forwarded to me.

My Question: Who else is going to do a runner before September first? Shall we start taking bets?

Ben Bernanke announced that he is resigning the Federal Reserve effective September 1, 2013.

One of the Federal Reserve Governors has resigned effective September 1, 2013.

Janet Napolitano [Homeland Security] has resigned effective September 1, 2013.

The Most Holy Francis issued an Apostolic Letter on July 11 and effective September 1, 2013 that effectively stripped away the immunity of all judges, attorneys, government officials and all entities established under the Roman Curia [hint: All corporations are established under the Roman Curia].
All of these “persons” can now be held accountable for war crimes, crimes against humanity, [hint: Divine Spirit is humanity], for the unlawful restrictions of the liberties of the divine spirit incarnate; for failure to settle the accounts; for continued prosecution of claims already settled, etc.

– Justin and Julian

New BS Variant Scheduled for September 2022 – Public sector is what got us into this! – Mike_Martins
New BS Variant Scheduled for September 2022 – Public sector is what got us into this! and its the only way out of this MESS! NOW!!

ANTICHRIST REVEALED ON a Sabbatical Year? Shemitah ends September 26th, 2022 With USA Falling 🟡🔥💀

5 Possible Reasons the Tribulation starts September 2022 – 12/24/2021 –  The Prophecy Club
NASA has known since 2004 that an Asteroid might hit the Earth, and now made the news public. The Asteroid called “Apophis” is making it’s way towards the Earth and will hit us in 2029. With that in mind, Pastor Stan takes a look at how it correlates to Bible Prophecy and if the Tribulation then might start as early as 2022.

ITS WORLD CONGRESS 2022
ITS World Congress 2022, the premier event in intelligent transportation, taking place September 18-22 (Conference: September 18 – 22 | Exhibit Hall: September 19 – 22).  “Transformation by Transportation”, is the global event that brings together world leaders, practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and private industry to advance and unite the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) industry. 


Also Coming in September 2022 –  WEF Passport

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TIKTOK LINK: https://twitter.com/i/status/1543642302941302785

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References Detailing Vatican and Pope Connections to All Corporations, including the United States, Inc.

These documents are NOT secret. They ARE a matter of Public Record.HERE ARE TRUTHFUL FACTS MOST PEOPLE DO NOT KNOW, …. BUT SHOULD…

  1. The IRS is Not a US government agency. It is an agency of the IMF (International Monetary Fund) (Diversified Metal Products v I.R.S et al. CV-93-405E-EJE U.S.D.C.D.I., Public Law 94-564, Senate report 94-1148 pg. 5967, Reorganization Plan No. 26, Public Law 102-391)
  2. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) is an agency of the U.N. (Black’s Law Dictionary 6th Ed. page 816)
  3. The United States has NOT had a Treasury since 1921 (41 Stat. Ch 214 page 654)
  4. The U.S. Treasury is now the IMF (International Monetary Fund) (Presidential Documents Volume 24-No. 4 page 113, 22 U.S.C. 285-2887)
  5. The United States does not have any employees because there is no longer a United States! No more reorganizations. After over 200 years of bankruptcy it is finally over. (Executive Order 12803)
  6. The FCC, CIA, FBI, NASA and all of the other alphabet gangs were never part of the U.S. government, even though the “U.S. Government” held stock in the agencies. (U.S. v Strang, 254 US491 Lewis v. US, 680 F.2nd, 1239)
  7. Social Security Numbers are issued by the U.N. through the IMF (International Monetary Fund). The application for a Social Security Number is the SS5 Form. The Department of the Treasury (IMF) issues the SS5 forms and not the Social Security Administration. The new SS5 forms do not state who publishes them while the old form states they are “Department of the Treasury”. (20 CFR (Council on Foreign Relations) Chap. 111 Subpart B. 422.103 (b))
  8. There are NO Judicial Courts in America and have not been since 1789. Judges do not enforce Statutes and Codes. Executive Administrators enforce Statutes and Codes. (FRC v. GE 281 US 464 Keller v. PE 261 US 428, 1 Stat 138-178)
  9. There have NOT been any judges in America since 1789. There have just been administrators. (FRC v.
    GE 281 US 464 Keller v. PE 261 US 428 1 Stat. 138-178)
  10. According to GATT (The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) you MUST have a Social Security number. (House Report (103-826)
  11. New York City is defined in Federal Regulations as the United Nations. Rudolph Guiliani stated on C-Span that “New York City is the capital of the World.” For once, he told the truth. (20 CFR (Council on Foreign Relations) Chap. 111, subpart B 44.103 (b) (2) (2) )
  12. Social Security is not insurance or a contract, nor is there a Trust Fund. (Helvering v. Davis 301 US 619 Steward Co. v. Davis 301 US 548)
  13. Your Social Security check comes directly from the IMF (International Monetary Fund), which is an agency of the United Nations. (It says “U.S. Department of Treasury” at the top left corner, which again is part of the U.N. as pointed out above)
  14. You own NO property!!! Slaves can’t own property. Read carefully the Deed to the property you think is yours. You are listed as a TENANT. (Senate Document 43, 73rd Congress 1st Session)
  15. The most powerful court in America is NOT the United States Supreme court, but rather the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. (42 PA. C.S.A. 502)
  16. The King of England financially backed both sides of the American Revolutionary War.. (Treaty of Versailles-July 16, 1782 Treaty of Peace 8 Stat 80)
  17. You CANNOT use the U.S. Constitution to defend yourself because you are NOT a party to it! The U.S. Constitution applies to the CORPORATION OF THE UNITED STATES, a privately owned and operated corporation (headquartered out of Washington, DC) much like IBM (International Business Machines, Microsoft, et al) and NOT to the people of the sovereign Republic of the united States of America. (Padelford Fay & Co. v The Mayor and Alderman of the City of Savannah 14 Georgia 438, 520)
  18. America is a British Colony. The United States is a corporation, not a land mass and it existed before the Revolutionary War and the British Troops did not leave until 1796 (Republica v. Sweers 1 Dallas 43, Treaty of Commerce 8 Stat 116, Treaty of Peace 8 Stat 80, IRS Publication 6209, Articles of Association October 20, 1774)
  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVsMUpPgdT0
  20. Britain is owned by the Vatican. (Treaty of 1213)
  21. The Pope can abolish any law in the United States (Elements of Ecclesiastical Law Vol. 1, 53-54)
  22. A 1040 Form is for tribute paid to Britain (IRS Publication 6209)
  23. The Pope claims to own the entire planet through the laws of conquest and discovery. (Papal Bulls of 1495 & 1493)
  24. The Pope has ordered the genocide and enslavement of millions of people.(Papal Bulls of 1455 & 1493)
  25. The Pope’s laws are obligatory on everyone. (Bened. XIV., De Syn. Dioec, lib, ix, c. vii, n. 4. Prati, 1844 Syllabus Prop 28, 29, 44)
  26. We are slaves and own absolutely nothing, NOT even what we think are our children. (Tillman vs. Roberts 108 So. 62, Van Koten vs. Van Koten 154 N.E. 146, Senate Document 438 73rd Congress 1st Session, Wynehammer v. People 13 N.Y. REP 378, 481)
  27. Military dictator George Washington divided up the States (Estates) in to Districts (Messages and papers of the Presidents Volume 1 page 99 1828 Dictionary of Estate)
  28. “The People” does NOT include you and me. (Barron vs. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore 32 U.S. 243)
  29. It is NOT the duty of the police to protect you. Their job is to protect THE CORPORATION and arrest code breakers. (SAPP vs. Tallahassee, 348 So. 2nd. 363, REiff vs. City of Phila. 477 F. 1262, Lynch vs. NC Dept. of Justice 376 S.E. 2nd. 247)
  30. Every thing in the “United States” is up for sale: bridges, roads, water, schools, hospitals, prisons, airports, etc, etc… Did anybody take time to check who bought Klamath Lake?? (Executive Order 12803)
  31. “We are human capital” (Executive Order 13037) The world cabal makes money off of the use of your signatures on mortgages, car loans, credit cards, your social security number, etc.
  32. The U.N. – United Nations – has financed the operations of the United States government (the corporation of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) for over 50 years (U.S. Department of Treasury is part of the U.N. see above) and now owns every man, woman and child in America.

The U.N. also holds all of the land of America in Fee Simple.
The good news is we don’t have to fulfill “our” fictitious obligations. You can discharge a fictitious obligation with another fictitious obligation.
Sources:

http://one-heaven.org/canons/positive_law/article/100.html

http://one-evil.org/content/texts_papal_bull_1302_unam_sanctam.html

http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/07/11/pope_francis_issues_motu_proprio_on_criminal_law_matters_in_vatican/en1-709480

http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio_20130711_organi-giudiziari_en.html 

http://removingtheshackles.blogspot.com/2013/07/popes-decree-about-to-cause-mass.html

http://briankellysblog.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-pope-has-power-to-abolish-any-law.html

http://sitsshow.blogspot.com/2013/07/pope-ruler-of-world-to-go-after-war.html

One of the significant sources of funds for the Cabal is the healthcare industry which registered a whopping $3.09 trillion in 2014, and is projected to soar to $3.57 trillion in 2017, in the US alone. We believe that this is just a conservative figure.
We can avoid using drugs, defeat any viral attack and scaremongering easily by knowing how to build our own comprehensive antiviral system. Find more about it here.

 

 

You can actually participate in the global efforts to cripple the Deep State organized criminal cabal’s ability for genocide, while enjoying healthcare freedom at the same time, by boycotting Big Pharma for good.
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WEF Launching ‘Very Sinister’ Digital Passport – Yes, Your Blood Will Be Required

Fact checked

Klaus Schwab's World Economic Forum has announced plans to launch a Covid-19 digital passport to with the stated objective of "enabling people to visit countries, conferences and sports events safely." However, to obtain a digital passport you will need to send your DNA in the form of a blood sample to the WEF.

Klaus Schwab’s World Economic Forum has announced plans to launch a Covid-19 digital passport to with the stated objective of “enabling people to visit countries, conferences and sports events safely.” However, to obtain a digital passport you will need to send your DNA in the form of a blood sample to the WEF.

 

Users of the digital passport will have their blood screened at an unidentified WEF-approved biolaboratory and those who pass the test will be granted a “QR health visa code” that they can download to their phone.

While the elites attempt to convince us that we have nothing to fear, it’s worth remembering that the elites themselves do not share their DNA with anyone for fear of “DNA theft.”

In February this year, French President Emmanuel Macron refused a Kremlin request that he take a Russian COVID-19 test when he arrived to see President Putin, to prevent Russia getting hold of Macron’s DNA.

It’s yet another case of “one rule for me, and another for thee. President Macron is one of Klaus Schwab’s Young Global Leaders. Since taking office in 2016, Macron has worked to implement the WEF Agenda in France and the EU.

So President Macron is refusing to submit his blood to foreign biolabs for fear of DNA theft. But we are supposed to trust Klaus Schwab and the World Economic Forum and hand over our DNA to them?

It’s not a good idea. For a vision of the future Klaus Schwab is planning for us, we can look to China which has a fully-fledged Covid pass and digital passport system already in use.

Unsurprisingly, it’s an authoritarian hellscape. Last month reports emerged that the Chinese health app, which was developed to enforce the Communist party’s draconian lockdown restrictions, is being repurposed to tighten political control on dissidents and others deemed to be troublemakers.

The Spectator reports:

The ‘traffic light app’, as it has been dubbed, assigns Chinese citizens a colour code: green, yellow or red to signify Covid infection risk. Those with green are free to move around; red can mean instant quarantine.

Cities are blanketed with automated code readers – at the entrances to underground stations, offices, malls, apartment blocks, banks and even in taxis. Movement is nigh-on impossible without a green codeMain roads into the southern city of Shenzhen have even been policed by drones hovering above traffic and displaying a QR code which drivers had to scan before being allowed entry.

But it seems that Covid isn’t the only thing that can affect your traffic light status.

Last month hundreds of Chinese citizens were grounded by the app when they went to a bank that had frozen their money. They had been fighting to get their savings back, but when they tried to reach the bank’s headquarters in Zhengzhou, they received red health warnings on their Covid-19 apps and were instantly quarantined.

A coincidence? Many in China don’t think so… And the CCP has already floated the idea of making the app permanent once their never-ending fight against Covid is over.

China should serve as a warning. Authoritarian organizations like Klaus Schwab’s WEF must be resisted. Once we hand over our rights and our DNA to the shadowy elite, the future will no longer be in our hands.

 

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Catholic pirates and Greek merchants. A maritime history of the Mediterranean. By Molly Greene. (Princeton Modern Greek Studies.) 

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Related POSTS you might find informative:

CORSICA – What a CRAZY Place!

CORSAIRS a LOOMING GLOBAL THREAT

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Alternate titles: admiralty, admiralty law

Related Topics:

maritime law, also called admiralty law, or admiralty, the body of legal rules that governs ships and shipping.

In English-speaking countries, “admiralty” is sometimes used synonymously, but in a strict sense the term refers to the jurisdiction and procedural law of courts whose origins may be traced to the office of Admiral. Although etymologically maritime law and “law of the sea” are identical, the former term is generally applied to private shipping law, whereas the latter, usually prefixed by “international,” has come to signify the maritime segment of public international law. The Convention on the Law of the Sea, on the other hand, is a UN agreement regarding territorial waters, sea lanes, and ocean resources. The Convention was originally signed by 119 nations on Dec. 10, 1982.

Historical development

From the fact that the ancient Egyptians engaged in shipping on a wide scale, it can be inferred that they had at least rudimentary laws regulating that activity, although no trace of any has been found thus far. Nor is there anything known of any maritime laws of the Phoenicians, who succeeded the Egyptians as commercial leaders in the Mediterranean. That Rhodes was a major source of maritime law, however, is clearly indicated in two passages from the Digest (AD 533) of the Roman emperor Justinian. The first quotes the emperor Antoninus (reigned AD 138–161) in a case of plunder following a shipwreck: “I am indeed lord of the world, but the Law is the lord of the sea. This matter must be decided by the maritime law of the Rhodians, provided that no law of ours is opposed to it.” The second is a statement of the basic law of “general average,” which the Digest attributes to the Rhodians. “Average” here means any loss sustained by a vessel or its cargo. When one segment of a maritime venture is sacrificed to save the others, the average is described as general, and the owners of the property saved must help make good the loss. Thus, if cargo is jettisoned in a successful effort to refloat a grounded vessel, the owners of the vessel and of the cargo saved are obliged to bear proportionate shares of the loss sustained by the owner of the cargo singled out for sacrifice.

Rome did not become a maritime power until the Punic wars of the 3rd century BC. From the fact that the Romans were allies of the Rhodians and from the references in the Digest, it is logical to assume that Roman maritime law borrowed heavily from that of Rhodes. Acknowledging Rhodes as the birthplace of maritime jurisprudence, the maritime code of the later Eastern Empire, dating from the 7th or 8th century AD, was called theRhodian Sea Law.”  (Rhode, the daughter of the GOD Pontus!)

Because the Mediterranean, under Roman control, was not only the centre of the Western world but also its principal commercial highway, European maritime law evolved as a uniform, supranational, comprehensive body of law—a characteristic which, though sometimes threatened by the spread of nationalism, has never been lost completely. The barbarian invaders who moved south were not seafarers, and the principal Mediterranean seaports were thus able to maintain their independence. Moreover, the conquered peoples were permitted to keep the Roman lawto which they had become accustomed, and in the field of maritime jurisprudence the transition into the Middle Ages was therefore gradual. As certain Italian cities began to outstrip the Eastern Byzantine Empire commercially, they formulated their own maritime laws, some dating as early as 1063. Trani, Amalfi, Venice, and other Italian port cities all offered their own collections of laws. Nevertheless, the next widely accepted body of sea laws was the Consolat de Mar, or “Consulate of the Sea, originally compiled at Barcelona in the 13th century. More elaborate than the earlier codes, the Consolat was followed in Spain, Provence, and the Italian cities and had a significant effect on the development of modern maritime law.

The earliest code to emerge beyond the Mediterranean was the Rolls of Oléron,” named for an island in the Bay of Biscay and apparently dating from the 12th century. Whether the Rolls were of French or of Anglo-Norman origin, they became the nucleus of the maritime law not only of England and France but also of Scotland, Flanders, Prussia, and Castile; and they are still occasionally cited as authority, even by U.S. courts. The Rolls were closely followed in the Laws of Wisby, headquarters of the Hanseatic League until 1361.

In continental Europe, loss of uniformity in the maritime law began with the late Renaissance and accelerated with the rise of nationalism in the 17th century, which witnessed adoption of the Maritime Code of Christian XI of Sweden (1667), the Marine Ordinances of Louis XIV of France (1681), and the Code of Christian V of Denmark (1683). Of these, the most significant were the Ordinances, prepared under Louis XIV’s finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, as part of his comprehensive though unfulfilled plan for the codification of all French law. Established customs of the sea, revised to suit the times, were made part of the national law, enforceable in the French Admiralty Court, which was granted maritime jurisdiction to the exclusion of the old consular courts, whose judges had been elected by the mariners themselves.

Looks like the Ouroboros to me.

The individuality of the maritime law—its “separation” from other types of law—was accentuated by the Ordinances, which gathered together in one code all of the criminal, private, procedural, and public laws relating to the sea. Although the French Admiralty Court failed to survive the Revolution that began in 1789, the substantive law embodied in the Ordinances was very closely followed in the Code de Commerce, whose adoption in 1807 meant that the maritime law was thereafter considered simply as a branch of commercial law, with consequent diminution of the weight previously given to custom and usage. Furthermore, abolition of the Admiralty Court resulted in the trial of maritime cases by the commercial courts, on which, in the smaller ports, maritime interests might not be represented. In countries with codes based directly or indirectly on the French commercial code, civil maritime cases, as well as nonmaritime commercial disputes, are heard and decided by commercial courts.

Although the Code de Commerce was widely adopted in the first half of the 19th century, in some cases by choice and in others by conquest, the German Commercial Code of 1861, revised in 1897, marked a departure from French law, and revisions of the Spanish and Italian codes showed the influence of the new German law. These, in turn, had their effect in countries under Italian and Spanish influence.

Although the “Pied Poudre” courts, held primarily for the settlement of disputes at English fairs and markets, also had special jurisdiction of seamen’s cases, it is probable that the first English tribunals to apply maritime law, with the Rolls of Oléron as a basis, were the courts of the Cinque Ports. The High Court of Admiralty, which sat at London, and the Vice Admiralty Courts, set up in the other ports, were a later development. They were named after the admiral, an officer whose duties were at first solely administrative and military but were broadened early in the 14th century to include disciplinary proceedings in such matters as piracy. The Admiralty Court is considered as dating from 1360, when for the first time the admiral was expressly granted jurisdiction in civil maritime cases. By the end of the 16th century the admiralty courts had come to exercise an extremely wide jurisdiction, reaching far beyond saltwater transportation into many areas of commercial law. But during the first half of the 17th century, the judges of the common-law courts succeeded in divesting their competitors in the Admiralty of their commercial jurisdiction and in restricting them to the adjudication of “things done upon the sea.”

The Admiralty was a royal court with valuable emoluments. It functioned without the aid of juries, following procedures borrowed from the Continent that were somewhat less dilatory and cumbersome than those of the common-law courts, and applied the laws and customs of the sea to the maritime controversies that came before it. For these reasons it was preferred by the merchants and favoured by the Crown, which depended to a considerable extent on taxation of the merchants for its revenues. Its jurisdiction therefore waxed and waned with the strength or weakness of the reigning sovereign. Thus, it enjoyed wide jurisdiction under the Tudors, but its powers were severely curtailed under succeeding monarchs and governments, and were never fully restored until the passage of the first of the Admiralty Court Acts in the 19th century.

passenger shipComponents of maritime law:

Maritime liens
Shipping charters
Limitation of liability
Collision liability
Salvage and general average
Marine insurance
International regulation
Consulate of the Sea > Mare Nostrum
Catalan law book
Alternate titles: “Llibre del consolat de mar”

Book of the Consulate of the Sea, Catalan Llibre del Consolat de Mar, a celebrated collection of Mediterranean maritime customs and ordinances in the Catalan language, published in 1494. The title is derived from the commercial judges of the maritime cities on the Mediterranean coast, who were known as consuls. The book contains a code of procedure issued by the kings of Aragon for the guidance of the consular courts, as well as a collection of ancient customs of the sea. Also included is a body of ordinances for the regulation of warships.

International Maritime Organization

Alternate titles: IMCO, IMO, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, Organisation Maritime Internationale

International Maritime Organization

International Maritime Organization
Date:  1948 – present
Headquarters: London
Areas Of Involvement: international trade maritime law shipping liability

International Maritime Organization (IMO), formerly (1948–82Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, United Nations (UN) specialized agency created to develop international treaties and other mechanisms on maritime safety; to discourage discriminatory and restrictive practices in international trade and unfair practices by shipping concerns; and to reduce maritime pollution. The IMO has also been involved in maritime-related liability and compensation cases. Headquartered in London, the IMO was created by a convention adopted at the UN Maritime Conference in 1948. The convention came into force on March 17, 1958, after it was ratified by 21 countries—seven of which were required to have at least one million gross tons of shipping. Its current name was adopted in 1982.

The IMO has more than 170 members and is headed by a secretary-general, who serves a four-year term and oversees a Secretariat staff of approximately 300one of the smallest UN agency staffs. All members are represented in the Assembly, the IMO’s primary policy-making body, which meets once every two years. The Council, consisting of 40 members, meets twice annually and is responsible for governing the organization between Assembly sessions. Membership on the Council is divided among three groups: (1) the 8 countries with the “largest interest” in providing international shipping services; (2) the 8 countries with the largest interest in providing international seaborne trade; and (3) 16 countries with a “special interest” in maritime transport, selected to ensure equitable geographic representation. Safety proposals are submitted to the Assembly by the Maritime Safety Committee, which meets annually. There are a number of other committees and subcommittees dealing with specific issues, such as the environment, legal issues, the transport of dangerous goods, radio communications, fire protection, ship design and equipment, lifesaving appliances, and cargoes and containers. The IMO’s Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, an integrated communications system using satellites and terrestrial radio communications to provide aid to ships in distress even in cases where the crew is unable to send a manual distress signal, was established in 1992 and became fully operational in 1999.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the IMO adopted several new conventions related to the maritime environment, including one prohibiting the use of harmful chemicals in antifouling systems (2001), which prevent the accumulation of barnacles and other marine growth on ship hulls, and another aimed at ballast-water management (2004). Following the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, in the United States, the IMO increased its efforts in the area of maritime security. In 2002 it adopted several amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, deemed the most important international maritime-safety treaty, and in 2004 it enforced a new international shipping security regime. In the following year the IMO amended the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation by enhancing the boarding and extradition rights of member states.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Jeannette L. Nolen.

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Hague Original building/Castle Hague New Additions: See the egg of the snake and the pyramids?  The white frame is a ship.
Date: 1921
Hague Rules, in maritime law, international code defining the rights and liabilities of a carrier. Introduced at the International Law Association meeting in Brussels in 1921, they were adopted first as clauses in bills of lading and after 1923 as the Brussels Convention on Limitation of Liability.

Alexander Pearce Higgins

British lawyer

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Because the Mediterranean, under Roman control, was not only the centre of the Western world but also its principal commercial highwayEuropean maritime law   evolved as a uniform, supranational, comprehensive body of law—a characteristic which, though sometimes threatened by the spread of nationalism, has never been lost completely.

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video image To Watch This Video On BitChute Click the Title Link Below:
2020Truthseeker
#the-queen #the-crown #maritime-law
National Maritime Day of India—-spacer
APRIL 2022, the week surrounding National Maritme Day
* 4/1 eve to 4/2 eve: Mounikhion Noumenia–Old Greek festival honoring all the Gods and Goddesses. Flutes were played; prayers were said; offerings of barley, olive oil, incense, and food were burned in an offering hearth; and libations of water and wine were made. [Mounikhion 1]

* 4/3 eve to 4/4 eve: Feast of the CharitesDay to honor the Old Greek Goddesses of beneficence[Mounikhion 3]

* 4/4 eve to 4/5 eve: Feast of Old Greek Goddess AphroditeDay to honor peace and compassion[Mounikhion 4]

* 4/6 eve to 4/7 eve: Feast of Old Greek Goddess Artemis (Roman Diana/Slavic Diwitsa), who represents the feminine in Natureand protects women throughout their lives. Women recognized the transitions in their lives and honored female fertility. [Mounikhion 6]

* 4/7: World Health Day–Day to pray for healing of all those chronically and seriously ill; day to advocate for adequate health care for all. [Day the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) was founded in 1948.]

* 4/8 eve to 4/9 eve: Feast of God Poseidon, Goddess Amphritrite, and all Old Greek Gods and Goddesses of the seas. [Mounikhion 8]     Source

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The United Nations (UN), via the International Maritime Organization (IMO), created World Maritime Day to celebrate the international maritime industry’s contribution towards the world’s economy, especially in shipping. The event’s date varies by year and country but it is always on the last week of September.

World Maritime Day focuses on the marine environment, as well as safety and security for boats and ships..

SEPTEMBER 2022  The Week Surrounding Internation Maritime Day
* 9/25 (5:55 p.m. EDT): New Moon.

* 9/25 eve: Old European feast of the Triple Goddess (Goddess of the Moon and the Seasons), marking the transformation of the Mother into the Crone.

* 9/25 eve to 9/26 eve: Feast of Old Greek Goddess Hekate, who guides all through transitions and crisis. [Boedromion last day]

* 9/26 eve to 9/27 eve: Pyanepsion Noumenia–Old Greek festival honoring all the Gods and Goddesses. Flutes were played; prayers were said; offerings of barley, olive oil, incense, and food were burned in an offering hearth; and libations of water and wine were made. [Pyanepsion 1]

* 9/28 eve to 9/29 eve: Feast of the CharitesDay to honor the Old Greek Goddesses of beneficence. [Pyanepsion 3]

* 9/29 eve to 9/30 eve: Feast of Old Greek Goddess AphroditeDay to honor peace and compassion[Pyanepsion 4]    Source

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Did you notice how many of the holidays on the National Day in April and the International Day in September include all the same gods and goddesses? 
If you are a regular reader of my posts, you are aware that I always advise people NEVER to give to Organized Charities.  Just like the banks and Organized Churches, Organized Charities are all controlled by the elite MONEY System.  When you give your money to ANY Organized Charity you are subsidizing your own slavery.   
Don’t get me wrong it is a very godly thing to want to reach out to those in need and be of help to their physical well being.  BUT!  You can do that the old fashioned way, face to face.  If you don’t want to venture out into the world to touch someone, find someone who is doing that on an individual basis or part of a neighborhood outreach, and help them with money or other assistance.  
DO NOT give your money to churches.  At least not to 501c3 Churches.  Don’t give it to the Red Cross, or UNICEF or RED NOSE DAY or Research Hospitals, or any of those things.  

Seafaring Superstitions & Marine Myth Rituals Explored

You are a 19th-century mariner, living in the dank, dark quarters of a sailing ship, at the mercy of capricious wind and weather, six weeks from your last sighting of land. There is no marine weather forecast, no radio, no satellite communication; in fact no communication with the world as you knew it for periods ranging from months to years.You are virtually isolated from the rest of humanity. The captain is the absolute dictator; the ship is his kingdom. You and the rest of the crew are serfs.Small wonder that you grasp at any support you can, whether real or imaginary.

Even today, any endeavor based on chance is predisposed to superstition, ranging from poker to baseball. A hitter on a hot streak may not wash his socks or undershirt, or will eat the same breakfast every day as long as he keeps getting on base. Pitchers won’t step on the foul line coming off the field, and woe to anybody who dares mention a no-hitter while the game is in progress.

Going to sea then was chancier than going into outer space today, so a mariner’s life was rife with superstitions.Some superstitions may have had a tenuous basis in fact, but most were contrived beliefs and rituals that sailors relied upon to give them a feeling that, to some small extent, they had some control over their destiny.

That is due to a phenomenon that is referred to as “Foxhole FAITH”.  When you are placed in a life and death situation, or it’s emotional equivalent you call out to the GOD!  Whatever God you know.  These rituals the writer like to call superstitions are rituals to an entity in hope of favor.  Be that a win in a game, a good catch of fish, or sparing your life.  These people are looking to appease their gods.

For example, it is considered unlucky to begin a voyage on Friday. That’s considered an unlucky day on land as well, probably because it was the day of the crucifixion. There’s a tale often told, almost certainly apocryphal, about the British navy’s attempt to lay that superstition to rest. According to legend, the ship’s keel was laid on Friday, it was launched on Friday, and christened the HMS Friday. Its captain’s name was Friday, and it set sail for her maiden voyage on … you guessed it … Friday. The last time anybody ever saw it or the crew was when it disappeared over the horizon.Although the story has about as much credibility as an Internet hoax, it vividly illustrates the power of superstition.

Many superstitions about the sea survive to this day. Curiously, they haven’t extended to scuba diving. Maybe it’s because diving is securely grounded in fact, and it didn’t get started among the general populace until the mid-20th century. Rituals like spitting in a mask or backing off the valve a quarter turn are based on science and education. Yet talk long enough to a diver, and something may come up that defies logic.

I’ll have to admit to one such practice. About 20 years ago I was spending an entire summer in the Red Sea, working on my first book. I lost my towel and needed a substitute, so I bought the cheapest and ugliest one I could find, figuring nobody would ever pick it up by mistake. It was a horrible hodgepodge of pink, green, and yellow pastels depicting palm trees, sailboats, and domed desert dwellings. It found a home at the bottom of the cooler that held my camera gear. As the years went by, I began to refer to it as my lucky towel. It was more ritual than superstition, but I believed that as long as the towel was in the cooler, my camera wouldn’t flood.

That belief was put to the test when I failed to tighten a screw on my housing and flooded a Nikon N90, destroying it. But I wrote it off to pilot error, rationalizing that the towel wasn’t to blame; it was totally my fault. I still have my lucky towel and take it on every dive trip, whether it’s one day off the coast of San Diego or several weeks halfway around the world.

By and large, divers are a pragmatic lot and none of the ones I surveyed admitted to any superstitions. There are a few rituals. One diver won’t leave the dock without his lucky hat. Another diver carries a copy of the dive tables along with two computers. Although she is aware that a failed computer dive can’t be carried over to the tables, those plastic tables are comforting to her.

When it comes to superstition, though, divers are bush leaguers compared with sailors and fishermen. A few beliefs are based on a semblance of fact, but the majority have no rhyme or reason. Since divers spend so much time aboard boats it might be fun to examine some of them.

Salted Nets Catch Fish

Among today’s seafarers, fishers are the leaders in the superstition department. Even with GPS and sensitive fathometers, catching those critters is still a matter of luck. They have some bizarre beliefs. If they see a red-haired person on the way to the boat it’s bad luck. Other bad omens include a black valise, a minister and a cross-eyed or flat-footed person. A fisher whose finger is stuck by a fishhook will stick the hook into a piece of wood to speed the healing process.

Don’t bring bananas on board, or you won’t catch any fish. And empty your pockets of pennies before boarding or your catch will be small. Don’t eat anything before the first fish is caught, and the first one caught each day must be spit upon and thrown back. Never count your fish until the day is over. And never tell anybody where you made a good catch. That’s got a practical basis. If your livelihood depends on catching fish, you don’t want others parasitizing your secret spot, especially if they have access to GPS coordinates.

Nets were “salted in” at the beginning of the season to bring good luck. This often took the form of a blessing, and sprinkling them with salt. Fishing every day of the week was considered unlucky. Those who did it were greedy, and not satisfied with what the gods of the ocean provided them.

Harbingers of Doom

Flowers are for funerals, and therefore weren’t welcomed aboard ship. If somebody’s sweetheart brought some aboard as a bon voyage gift, they were quickly thrown overboard. Clergy weren’t welcomed either, for the same connection with funerals, but they weren’t tossed off the ship.

Sharks following a ship were thought to be a portent of death. In most cases, they were probably waiting for the remnants of the day’s meal. I once had a dive buddy named Crazy John. He had a .22-caliber rifle and tried to shoot blue sharks on the surface “…before they get me.” That’s no longer a factor because gill nets have virtually wiped out blue sharks in California coastal waters. I stopped diving with Crazy John after looking into the business end of his loaded spear gun once too often.

If somebody died aboard ship, the body was tossed overboard with an appropriate ceremony for burial at sea. Usually the sailmaker would make a shroud and sew the body in, making the last stitch through the victim’s nose. This was the final assurance that they were indeed dead, assuming the needle would elicit a scream of pain from an unconscious or near-dead victim. It was considered bad luck to keep a corpse on board, and in the days before adequate refrigeration, the reason was more than mere superstition. By the same token, an empty coffin on board meant that a member of the ship’s crew would eventually be filling it.

Sailors had a fatalistic view of drowning. Most of them couldn’t swim, so even bathing in the ocean was considered a dangerous temptation of fate. The object of survival was staying out of the water, so nobody went in unnecessarily. If someone fell overboard, they might not even be thrown a rope because of the belief that their death was already preordained. “What the sea wants, the sea will have,” was a fatalistic belief. Besides, a sacrifice to the sea gods might placate them so no more of the crew would follow.

The ringing of bells is also associated with funerals, so sounds mimicking bells were thought to forecast death. The ringing of a wine glass was such a sound, and had to be stopped before its reverberation ended. Ship’s bells were exempted from this superstition, because they signaled time and the changing of watch duties. But if they rang of their own accord, as in a storm, somebody was going to die.

The tides were thought to have an effect on death. If someone was gravely ill or wounded, death would come on ebb tide, as though life were ebbing away.

A Jonah was a person or a ship or anything that brought bad luck. The name, of course, originates from the biblical tale of Jonah, a prophet who was sent by God to the sinful city of Nineveh to try to restore order. He chickened out and boarded a ship headed in the opposite direction. A series of violent storms attacked the ship, and when the crew discovered Jonah’s deceit, they threw him overboard and he was swallowed by a “great fish,” which has come to mean a whale. The storms abated, and after a couple of days, the whale regurgitated Jonah and he was rescued. Having learned his lesson, he immediately headed for Nineveh to carry out his mission.

A Jonah could be a sailor whose last ship had bad luck, an unlucky ship, or even an unlucky object like a black valise. The offending person or object would be sent off the ship at the first opportunity.

Birds were thought to carry the souls of dead sailors. Killing a dolphin, a gull, or an albatross brings bad luck. The albatross story was immortalized in Coleridge’s “Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” in which a sailor killed the bird and was dogged by tragedy and misfortune.

Stepping aboard a ship with your left foot first, or losing a bucket overboard, or seeing rats leaving the ship brings bad luck. It is lucky to have tattoos, to have a black cat on board, to throw a pair of old shoes overboard, and to have a child born on the ship (which conflicts with the prohibitions against women).

The words “drown” and “pig” were bad luck. So was swearing while fishing. A hatch or a basin placed upside down represented a sinking ship. And dropping a hatch into the hold meant even worse misfortune.

Davey Jones’ Locker was the mariner’s version of hell where the devil held sway among sunken ships, souls of dead sailors, and anything that fell overboard. Davey’s surname is thought to be a corruption of Jonah. Fiddler’s Green, also located beneath the sea, was a sailor’s heaven where winsome, willing wenches danced to merry fiddlers’ tunes while grog and beer flowed freely from bottomless jugs.

Whistling Up the Wind

Because weather deeply affected ships during the age of sail, there were more superstitions about that factor than any other. I discussed some of them with Al Sorkin, an instructor at the San Diego maritime museum and an experienced blue water sailor.

Red sky in the morning, sailor take warning. Red sky at night, sailor’s delight.” That’s probably the best-known weather prediction rhyme, and it has some basis in fact. The saying originated in England, where weather conditions come from the ocean to the west. If the air is clear, sunset will be tinted red. In the morning, red light will be reflected by clouds to the west, which means moisture in the air and possible storms.

Rain at seven means fine by eleven.Rainy days usually consist of a series of showers, seldom lasting more than four hours. This is especially true of heavy rainfall.

A ring around the moon meant rain was coming. The ring is caused by ice crystals in the upper atmosphere, and that meant moisture, which could evolve into rain.

Many other weather superstitions had no factual basis. Clapping aboard ship was thought to bring thunder. Umbrellas are for foul weather use, and bringing one on board was thought to tempt fate. Throwing stones into the sea caused storms and huge swells. But a horseshoe nailed to the mast provided protection from storms. Whistling was supposed to bring a breeze, so becalmed sailors must have done a lot of it.

Oil on troubled waters was thought to keep waves from breaking. To a certain extent it helps, but it takes a lot more oil than sailing ships carried to make any difference. They usually made a token offering of a few drops, along with heartfelt incantations to the sea gods.

FRANCISCO AGUILA   An all-female bridge and leadership team set sail to commemorate International Women’s Day on March 8.

Women on the Water

Nowhere are there more conflicting maritime superstitions than with the subject of women on board. Women weren’t welcomed aboard ship, except in port when the sailors had been at sea for a long time. Sometimes passion couldn’t wait for landing, and affairs were consummated on the gun deck. That’s supposedly where the term “son of a gun” originated. A more practical reason for the ban on women is that they would arouse passions and jealousy. In today’s U.S. Navy, women serve on every type of ship except submarines.

Strange sounds heard at sea were often blamed on sirens, or mermaids, mythical half-women, half-fish who sang enchanted songs. The melodies supposedly lured sailors into treacherous waters where their ships would be dashed against the rocks.

Ironically, the siren’s song could wreck a ship, but tradition has it that the sight of a bare-breasted woman could calm an angry sea. That’s why so many figureheads of sailing ships were bare breasted, well-endowed women.Women became the prevalent figurehead during the 19th century. Before then it might be the owner of the ship, a war hero, or an imposing animal like a lion, especially for warships. The ancient Egyptians painted eyes on the bow to help the ship find its way. According to Sorkin, figureheads evolved from that practice.

Ships are always referred to as “she.” The reason is that they are the sailor’s home and refuge, sheltering and protecting him from an angry ocean. Just like mom and mother earth.

Launching and Naming

Ever wonder why a boat is launched by smashing a bottle of champagne on its bow? The origins of the tradition go back to the time of the Vikings. When they launched a longboat, legend has it that they tied their prisoners to the skids, and the boats crushed their bodies as they slid into the water. The Greeks were also said to grease the skids with blood. Later shipbuilders, a bit less sanguine, tied red ribbons to the nails on the skids as a substitute. Wine also stood in for blood in later days.Because launching a ship was a big deal, champagne was considered more festive and prestigious.

A ship’s name ending in the letter “a” is considered unlucky. This may have originated during World War I when the Lusitania and the Britannia were sunk by German torpedoes. However, the U.S. Navy’s first fleet aircraft carrier, the Saratoga, served throughout World War II with a distinguished combat record. It survived kamikaze attacks, and was the flagship for admirals Chester Nimitz and Bull Halsey. Even its end was spectacular, as it was sunk by an atomic bomb during the Bikini tests in 1946. It was the first aircraft carrier wreck at diveable depths, and since 1996 has been the star attraction at Bikini Atoll.

Changing the name of a ship is supposed to be bad luck. Perhaps the most famous example was Sir Ernest Shackleton’s ship, Endurance. It was originally called Aurora, but Shackleton changed it to honor his family’s motto, “Through endurance we conquer.”In 1914he set sail for Antarctica, intending to trek across the continent. The Endurance became trapped in the ice and was crushed. Shackleton and his crew set off across the pack ice to Elephant Island where they set up camp. They outfitted a 24-foot lifeboat with a canvas deck and sails, and with six compatriots, Shackleton made his epic voyage 600 miles (960 km) across the treacherous Drake Passage to South Georgia Island. A rescue ship was finally launched from Chile, and every member of his crew of 28 came back alive.

When a ship was outfitted, a coin would be placed under the base of the mast for good luck. If the mast was ever replaced, an additional coin would be put there. Coins and gold had a special meaning to mariners. One of the reasons for wearing gold earrings was that its owner would never go broke.(Another was the belief that it would improve a sailor’s eyesight.) Even if he spent all his money on a drunken binge, he could buy his way out of trouble. And if he died in a foreign port, there would be enough money to take care of funeral expenses. A similar superstition was prevalent among landlubbers as well. Gold coins placed on the eyes of a corpse were used to pay the boatman, Charon, for the voyage across the River Styx.

The lore of the sea encompasses many centuries of traditions, rituals, and superstitions. Some of them seem quaint and amusing in the light of today’s technology and science. But if you’ve spent lots of time at sea, you won’t scoff at them. Instead you’ll respect the history and traditions of those that showed us the way.

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Flag of The Roman Empire : vexillology

“For He That Would Be Deceived, Let Him” –Roman Maxim Law

Circle of Rage

February 26, 2013

It’s a Roman Cult maxim of law which basically means that if you are ignorant enough to not know who you are [a flesh and blood spirit filled being – NOT a corporation], then you deserve to be tricked [by your/every government which is ruled by the Vatican].  Source

Maxims of Law

Richard Anthony /Maxims of Law (ecclesia.org)

Hyperlinked Table of Maxims

Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur, a Latin phrase, means “The world wants to be deceived, so let it be deceived.”

Attributions

Various claims have been made as to the phrase’s origin:

  • Mundus vult decipi.” Sebastian FranckParadoxa Ducenta Octoginta, CCXXXVIII (1542) “The world loves to be deceived.”[1]
  • Au[gu]stin[e]lib. 4. de civitat. Deicap. 27. censures ‘ Scævola saying and acknowledging expedire civitates religione falli, that it was a fit thing cities should be deceived by religion, according to the diverbe, Si mundus vult decipi, decipiatur, if the world will be gulled, let it be gulled, ’tis good howsoever to keep it in subjection.” (Robert BurtonThe Anatomy of Melancholy, first published 1621) [2]
  • “The pontifex maximus Scævola thought it expedient that the people should be deceived in religion; and the learned Varro said plainly, that there are many truths, which it is useless for the vulgar to know; and many falsities which it is fit the people should not suppose are falsities. (Note: Vid Augustin. de civ. Dei, B. 4 […].) Hence comes the adage “Mundus vult decipi, decipiatur ergo.”[3]